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AIDS 


LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 


BY 


4 


WILHELM BRAMBACH. 


~ 


Cranslated from the Geerman, 


WITH THE AUTHOR’S SANCTION, 


BY 


W. GORDON MCCABE, A. M., 


MASTER OF THE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL, PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA, 





NEW YORK: 


HARPER AND BROTHERS. 
1877. 














CopyRIGHT, 1877, 
By HARPER AND BROTHERS. 


2793/9 














We 23,67 1877 MAW 


PREFATORY NOTE. 


—e— 


THE following translation of BRAMBACH’s admira- 
ble Hilfsbiichlein fiir lateinische Rechtschreibung will, 
I trust, prove of practical value to classical students 
in this country. To those whose aim it is to become 
accurate Latinists, the importance of the subject can 
scarcely be overstated. It has been held, indeed, by 
not a few scholars of sober judgment, that it is a 
matter of even greater moment than the question of 
Latin pronunciation; but, not to touch upon that 
vexed point, it would, perhaps, be truer to say that 
until Latin orthography is systematically and _ per- 
sistently taught in our schools and colleges, no 
reformation in pronunciation is likely to obtain gen- 
erally. 

The significance of the subject from a metrical and 
etymological point of view is too manifest to require 
argument. Gee. 

And yet it is scarcely too much to say that the 
whole matter is practically ignored in this country, 

















1V PREFATORY NOTE. 





both in the actual teaching of the class-room and, 
with few praiseworthy exceptions, in American edi- 
tions of the classics. In the former, as a general 
rule, one. form of a word is accepted in written exer- 
cises as being quite as good as another; while in the 
latter, outside a few scholarly editions, we find a 
dead level of orthographic uniformity from Sallust to 
Tacitus. 

That such a state of things can long exist in a 
country where there are so many teachers trained in 
the best European universities and fully abreast of . 
the results of Continental investigation, is not to be 
expected. England, the most conservative of nations 
in things classical, as in all other things, has re- 
sponded with unwonted promptness to the eloquent 
pleadings of PRor. MuNRO on the subject in his In- 
troduction to Lucretius, and English schoolmasters, it 
is said, are doing conscientious work in this direction. 
In Germany the subject has long been accorded in 
the schools that degree of painstaking attention which 
it so fully merits, every boy in the gymnasia being 
required to keep constantly at his elbow such a ready- 
reference table of orthography as that appended to 
this volume. Of the eminent scholars who, in that 
country, have made the matter a subject of special 
investigation, FLECKEISEN, WAGNER, SCHULTZ, and 














PREFATORY NOTE. Vv 





others, BRAMBACH stands confessedly first, his larger 
‘ work published in 1868 (Die Meugestaltung der latet- 
nischen Orthographie in threm Verhaltniss zur Schule) 
having made him the generally recognized authority 
on the subject. In this Ailfsdiichlein the student 
will find embodied the results of that more elabo- 
rate ,;work as well as those of the author’s subse- 
quent study, and it is to be hoped, in the interests 
of sound scholarship, that the book will be as cor- 
dially welcomed by teachers in America as it has 
been by their brethren in Germany. 

Immediately on the appearance of the Azlfsbiich- 
ein, in 1872, the eminent classical publishers, Messrs. 
Teubner of Leipzig, advertised that thereafter the texts 
of their Latin authors for schools would be printed 
in accordance with its decisions. These well-known 
texts (“fiir den Schulgebrauch”) are used in many 
of our best schools and colleges, and afford valuable 
aid to teachers who bestow any attention upon Latin 
orthography. Necessarily dictionaries and grammars 
exert an overwhelming influence in this direction, and 
it is a hopeful sign that we have recently had an 
elementary Latin text-book (the excellent Latin Primer 
by Pror. B. L. GILDERSLEEVE, PH. D.) in which 
BRAMBACH’S spelling has been consistently followed, 
and that the revised edition of ANDREWS’ Latin Lexi- 














Vi 4 PREFATORY NOTE. 





con has been intrusted to scholars who are known to 
be in sympathy with the great German authority. 

My special obligations are due to my friend, PRoF. 
Tuos. R. Price, M. A., one of the foremost of our 
young American scholars, not only for assistance in 
verification of authorities cited, but for repeated and 
valuable suggestions. 

A few errors in the German original have “been 
corrected in this translation, and the table of abbre- 
viations extended. 

The references to Vol. II. of NEUE’s Formenlehre 
der lateinischen Sprache have also been changed so 
as to conform to the new edition of that valuable 
wotk, which has entirely superseded among scholars 
the old edition referred to in the original. 

W. GORDON McCABE. 


UNIVERSITY SCHOOL, PETERSBURG, VA., 1877. 














Ce EIN ES. 


—_@— 

PAGE 

ER REST ORS NOTE.” =3 : ; , ; ‘ rare 
INTRODUCTION TO THE GERMAN EDITION . j 9 


ABBREVIATIONS . ; > ; : A ; ory 


GENERAL RULES OF ORTHOGRAPHY. 


A. SPELLING. 
§ 1. The Nature of Latin Spelling .. ie 85 
§ 2. The Latin Alphabet . : ‘ : 15 


B. RULES DEDUCIBLE FROM PHONETICS. 
§ 3. The Concurrence of twol’s. ° «180 
§ 4. The Concurrence of two V’s. , : 17 
§ 5. Diphthongs ‘ ; ; ; ‘ Pas 
§ 6. Guttural Consonants. : ; : 20 
§ 7. Labial Consonants . ; : ; ae 
§ 8. Dental Consonants. , ‘ : : 22 
§ 9. Liquid and Nasal Consonants . ; « aa 
§ 10. The Sibilant S : : 4 : ‘ 24 
§ 11. X before S . ; ; ; : : - B34 
Ree eS FL ae ee 














Vill 


CONTENTS. 





C. RULES DEDUCIBLE FROM INFLECTION AND DERI- 


VATION. 
§ 13. The First Declension — 26 
§ 14. The Second Declension ‘ ; ; 26 
§ 15. The Third Declension 27 
§ 16. The Fourth Declension 30 
§ 17. Adjectives and Numerals . : ‘ 31 
§ 18. Pronouns. ; 3 : ; 31 
§ 19. Verbal Inflections - 133 
§ 20. Verbal Compounds 34 
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX, alphabetically arranged . 39 
READY-REFERENCE TABLES FOR LATIN ORTHOGRA- 
PHY ; : ; . , ee 5 






















ee TID, 
Zeeest LIBRA; 






/ OF THR RAYS 
UNIVERSITY 





\ 
A 


INTRODUCTION TO THE GERMAN EDITION. 


einen 


RuLEs for Latin orthography have a double aim. 

In the first place, they seek to give the texts of 
authors the proper form that is based upon the his- 
tory of the language. 

In the second place, they settle the forms for 
modern Latinity. 


I 


The time in which the Roman writers now read 
in our schools flourished, embraces a period of about 
two centuries (something more than from Ioo B. C.* 
to.I00 A. D.). At the beginning of this period, the 
Latin language, as is frequently evidenced by the 
texts of these authors, was in process of a rapid 
development in respect to forms. With a view to dis- 
tinguish the usage of these writers in the matter of 
pronunciation and orthography, we may divide them 
into three groups. 

_ To the first and oldest group belong Cicero, Cesar, 
and Sallust. 

Of these, Sallust has a marked fondness for long- 


* This limit is given in view of the fact that Terence is, unfor- 
tunately, no longer read in German schools. 














IO INTRODUCTION TO THE’ GERMAN EDITION. 





established forms, while Cesar lends a ready ear to 
the pronunciation just coming into fashion, and in so 
far as his philological studies allow it to’ seem ad- 
visable, forwards a general acceptance of the same 
through his writing. Cicero takes a middle course, 
by seeking not so much to carry through his own 
peculiar notions about the correct system of phonetic 
spelling, as by accepting the actually received usage 
in regard to pronunciation and orthography, and by 
making concessions to it contrary to his own con- 
victions. 

Livy, Vergil, Horace, and Ovid constitute a second 
group. 

Livy is no innovator in the matter of spelling and 
pronunciation. In his simple narrative he clings to 
the prevailing orthography of his contemporaries. 
But as his whole heart is with the past, he has the 
knack, when treating of grave and venerable matters 
of religion and state, of giving an antique coloring to 
his narrative by using words aptly selected, whether 
we regard the words in themselves or their archaic 
spelling. The same is true of Vergil. 

On the other hand, Horace and Ovid, gladly turn- 
ing to the fresh life of the present, prefer to avail 
themselves of the modes of speech just coming into 
vogue. Horace, indeed, puts himself into a con- 
scious antagonism to the old-fashioned poetry of the 
past. 
To the third group belong Quintilian, Curtius, and 
Tacitus. 














INTRODUCTION TO THE GERMAN EDITION, II 





These wrote in a time when the innovations which 
had forced their way in since Cesar’s day had at- 
tained general recognition, and were used in writing 
without hesitation. | 

Apart from the others stand Cornelius Nepos and 
Phedrus, whose writings have been handed down to 
us in such a way as to render impossible any authori- 
tative judgment as to the original state of their texts. 
We can only remove from these texts incorrect 
readings, without introducing into them the peculiar 
orthography of any fixed time. 

On the other hand, the texts of the other authors 
named above may be so dealt with, that the first two 
groups conform to the practice of the old Latin in 
pronunciation and spelling, which prevailed down to 
the time of Nero, while the third (Quintilian, Curtius, 
and Tacitus) belongs to the Silver Latinity in its 
highest development. 

Moreover, we are not to suppose that ancient authors 
undertook any critical revision of their manuscripts 
with an eye to orthography. So far as we can form 
an opinion from the originals, the ancients did not 
hesitate to use side by side, in the same _ passage, 
and without distinction, both of the correct forms 
of a word, provided that these forms still held a place 
in the living speech. 

A narrow selection of certain forms, the spelling 
and pronunciation of which were to be rigidly observed 
throughout, would; in the eyes of an author, have 
seemed a task fit only for some obscure literary 














I2 INTRODUCTION TO THE GERMAN EDITION. 





drudge. But, on the other hand, they were equally 
far from employing recklessly current and antiquated 
forms side by side. 

The bad taste of the second century after Christ 
first introduced this vicious habit. 


II. 


The orthography which obtained in the Silver age, 
when at its highest form-development (from Nero to 
Hadrian), may be justly regarded as the best model 
both for modern Latinity and for grammatical pur- 
poses. For, in the first place, our Latin forms have 
been, in point of fact, based upon this orthography by 
the older grammarians. The later grammarians too, in 
part unconsciously, have nearly all taken this stage of 
the development of the language as their starting-point. 
To think of setting up now any other period as the 
standard, would be a useless experiment, and, in com- 
parison with the insignificance of the object, one 
involving far too much trouble. In the second place, 
we know of no earlier period of the Latin tongue so 
precise in the matter of forms as that which begins 
with Nero, while it evidently would not be advisable 
to select for our purpose any later time. In the third 
place, the form of the language from Nero to Ha- 
drian really exhibits its fullest phonetic development. 

In presenting the essential general rules for Latin 
orthography, we have in the following pages taken 
as our basis the model period of the language. Side 
by side, we have also given those deviations of the 














INTRODUCTION TO THE GERMAN EDITION. 13 





older period which should be familiar to the pupil for 
his reading. 

The greater part of this hand-book consists of an 
index of words, in which we have arranged, in alpha- 
betical order, the rules of orthography which are of 
most importance in schools, for written exercises, and 
for the reading of authors. In preparing this index, 
regard has been had as much as possible to practical 
needs. We have especially omitted, so far as feasi- 
ble, all references to larger grammatical works, since 
it is not seldom the case that the teacher has no 
means of verifying such references. On the other 
hand, pertinent citations from authors used in schools 
are given. By thus referring the reader to sources 
easy of access, we afford him the opportunity of prose- 
cuting his own orthographic investigations, and of 
keeping them vividly in his mind. 














ABBREVIATIONS. 


BR. = Die Neugestalitung der lateinischen Or- 
thographie in threm Verhdaltniss zur Schule, 
von WILHELM BRAMBACH. Leipzig (Teub- 
ner), 1868. 

Cod. Vat. Verrin = Codex Vaticanus of Cicero’s Orations against 
Verres (Cicero, ed. BAITER, HALM, Ziirich, 
1854, Vol. II, 1, pp. 133 sgg. 446 sgg. MAI, 
Auct. Class. Il, p. 390 s99.). 

Cod. Veron. Livii = T. Livii ab urbe condita lib. II—IV, quae 
supersunt in codice Veronensi (ed. MOMMSEN, 
in the Transactions of the Berlin Academy, 
1868 ; Phil.-Hist. Cl. p. 31). 


CTL. _ == Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. 
a. RL = Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum. 
FL. . = Fifty paragraphs from a Hiilfsbiichlein fiir 


lateinische Rechtschreibung, by ALFRED 
FLECKEISEN. Leipzig (Teubner), 1861. 

HENZEN, Scavi = Scavi nel bosco sacro dei fratelli Arvali.... 
relazione publ. da GUGLIELMO HENZEN. 
Roma, 1868.* 


Or. = ORELLI (Inscriptionum Lat. Collectio). 

I. R..N. = Inscriptiones Regni Neapolitani (ed. Momm- 
SEN). 

Mon. Ancyr. = Monumentum Ancyranum. 

Placidi Gloss. |= Glossz Placidi Grammatici (ed. MAI). 

P.-L. M. = Priscae Latinitatis Monumenta Epigraphica. 


* This work contains a list of Inscriptions which supplement and 
confirm the third section of Die Neugestaltung der lat. Orthographie, 
P- 397 $99: 














GENERAL RULES OF ORTHOGRAPHY. 


pare eae 
A. SPELLING. 


§ 1. THE NATURE OF LATIN SPELLING. 


THE spelling of the Romans was phonetic (according to 
sound); that is, the sounds uttered in actual pronunciation 
were indicated by the spelling. If single sounds were 
varied or lost, the spelling changed in conformity with 
such variation, while lost sounds were no longer indicated. 

Etymological spelling is opposed to phonetic spelling. Etymo- 

logical spelling arises when those sounds which were origi- 
nally present in a word are still written in full, after they have 
undergone change, or are only faintly heard in the living 
pronunciation. Of this last kind is the French spelling. 


§ 2. THr LATIN ALPHABET. 


From the time of Augustus, the Romans used the follow- 

ing alphabet : 
ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPOQRSTVXYZ. 

The two letters I and V marked a vowel as well as a 
consonant sound, viz. z and 7, # and soft w. The char- 
acter J for z (pronounced like y) is modern., But even in 
antiquity, side by side with the angularly shaped V, there 
came into use a rounded secondary form U, employed in 
writings on papyrus or parchment, in painted as well as in | 
sunk inscriptions, and, more rarely, in raised ones. This 














16 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





secondary form likewise marked a vowel as well as a con- 
sonant sound. 

The letters Y and Z belong to foreign words, especially 

Greek ones. 

The Latin alphabet is derived immediately from the Greek. Z 
stood in the sixth place, but it was scarcely used at all, and in 
the third century B. c. disappeared. Its place was taken by 
G, a letter which did not originally exist, and which took its 
shape from C. Towards the end of the Republic, the neces- 
sity of writing Greek words accurately led to the adoption of 
Y, and to the re-admission of Z. These letters conse 
came in at the end of the alphabet. 


In the modern forms of the Latin alphabet, Ii and J j, 
U u and V vy, are distinct. But as the character J did not 
come down to us from antiquity, it has, in more modern 
times, been generally removed from the texts of Latin 
authors. The smaller form 7 is also to be avoided in Latin. 
On the other hand, the use of z to mark a vowel sign, and 
v to mark a consonant sign, has become far more general. 
We adhere to the prevailing usage, and consequently in 
the following pages, I or z denotes the vowel z as well as 
the consonantal 7 (pronounced vy). V ‘designates the vowel 
wz and soft zw ; 2 is only vowel, v only consonantal. 


B. RULES DEDUCIBLE FROM PHONETICS. 


§ 3. THE CONCURRENCE OF TWO I's. 


In ancient times, II was written, (1) if two purely vowel 
z-sounds met together; (2) occasionally to mark a half 
vowel sound = 77; (3) if a consonantal z preceded a vowel 
Zz =72. 2 

1. Two purely vowel z-sounds come together : af 














GENERAL RULES. 17 





a. In the Genitive Singular of the Second Declension (§ 14, 2). 

6. In the Dative and Ablative Plural of the First Declension, 
and in the Nominative, Dative, and Ablative Plural of the 
Second Declension (§ 13. § 14, 3). 

c. In the Perfect Tense and in the derived forms, if a v falls out 
between two z-sounds .. . -24 = 7vi (§ 19, II.). 

2. A half vowel sound 7 arises whenever Z occurs be- 
tween two vowels without forming a separate syllable, the 
z in this case being essentially a consonant. Soin Aiax 
= Ajax, a little of the vowel sound was heard, and it was 
pronounced Avax. The latter was also indicated in writ- 
ing, though not regularly, by the double I: AIIAX. Ex- 
amples of the same kind are AIIO, GAIIVS, GRATIVS, 
(ts) EILVS, MAITA, MAITOR, PEIIOR, POMPEIIVS, 
TROIIA, VVLTEIIVS. Cicero is said to have written 
AITAX, AITO, MAITA. 

But as this was not the general usage in spelling, we 
adhere to the prevatling custom of the ancients, and write 
only ONE I: Aiax, aio, Gaius, Graius, eius, Maia, maior, 
peior, Pompeius, Troia, Vulteius. 

Instead of II, a lengthened I (Ii Jonga) was also sometimes 
used, a character which originally represented the vowel z long 
by nature. In regard to this, as also on the double I, cf. Br. 
pp. 23, 184-188. We also find in Ciceronian Mss. the cus- 
tomary spelling with a single I, ¢. g. eius, maior in Vat. Verr., 
De Re p., al. Cf. RIBBECK, Pxol. in Verg. p. 426. 

3. Consonantal 7 may stand before vowel-z=77 in com- 

pounds of the verbiacio. Cf. § 20, II. 


§ 4.. THE CONCURRENCE OF TWO V’S. 


VV was written in antiquity, (1) if two vowel w-sounds 
came together; (2) if a vowel w followed a consonantal v 














18 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





=vu; (3) if a vowel wz preceded a consonantal v= wv, 
VV representing zz and vz was not in use before the time 
of Augustus, but the older combination VO = wo and va, 
was employed instead. 

Cicero wrote INGENVOS, SERVOS (zzgenuos, servos) 
for the Nominative Singular. 

During the second half of the first century A. D., the 
grammars adopted the later form VV, which had come 
into use since the time of Augustus. 

We follow the grammars of this time and write: 


aedituus © avus vulgus acuunt 
exiguus cervus vulnus metuunt 
ingenuus servus vulpes statuunt 
perpetuus vivus — vultur tribuunt 
mortuus ovum - vultus vivunt, etc. 


VV representing wv (e. g. uva, iuvo, iuventus) is cer- 
tainly older than vz, wz, and there is no question as to its 
employment in writing. 

Cf. Br. 87-101 on the older combination VO, which is also 
found in the later days of the Empire, and on the develop- 
ment of VV (22, vz, uv). 

VV was sometimes avoided by the falling away of one of these 
characters, e. g. INGENVS = ingenuus, VIVS = vivus, 
IVENTVS=iuventus. (BR. 90 sg.,94.) Under this head 
belongs the familiar dis = divus (sub dio). 

On guz, see § 6, II. 


§ 5. DIPHTHONGS. 


1. Of the Diphthongs, ae and oe are liable to be con- 
founded with e. Cf.such words as caelum, glaeba, oboedio. 


As early as from the first century after Christ, ze was confounded 














GENERAL RULES. 19 





with ¢ in inscriptions, and it is often difficult to arrive at the 
correct spelling, since the oldest Mss. are in this respect ut- 
terly untrustworthy and faulty. We can only decide for the 
ae or the e with absolute certainty when a doubtful word is 
authenticated by well-written inscriptions. The confounding 
of oe and e passed over from plebeian into medizval Latin, 
and has had a deteriorating influence on Mss. As in the Mid- 
dle Ages ae and ve were confounded with e, so the distinction 
even between ae and oe became obliterated (BR. 204-207). 


2. The Romans rendered e« before a vowel, in Greek 
words, by ¢ as well as z They did not employ the diph- 
thong ez. This rendering of e by ¢ is the older usage, and 
belongs to the times of Cicero and Augustus, but by the 
first century of the Empire 7= ex occurs far oftener. We 
cannot lay down a general rule which will hold in the case 
of every word, but must be guided in individual instances 
by the readings of Mss. and by inscriptions. See in the al- 
phabetical index, Alexandrea, Antiochea, Areopagita, 
Areus pagus, Augeas, Dareus, Decelea, Heraclea, 
Pythagoreus, Seleucea, Thalia. 

Before consonants ec usually becomes 2, e. g. in patro- 
nymics like Atrides. Cf. in index, cheragra, Hilotae, 
idyllium, Polycletus. 

The older form with e was preserved in Aeneas (Aiveias); 2 
became prevalent in Academia (Acadzjmeca). On the other 
hand, in most words, particularly in adjectives in evos and in 
names of towns in ea, the usage varied, so that Priscian was 
forced to allow eas well asz. For examples, see ZUMPT on 
Cic.in Verr. II, 2, 21, 51; MADvIG on Cic. de Fin. V, 19, 
54; ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 21, § 98 (I, p. 67 sg.); OSANN 
on Cic. de Re p. (pp. 466-468) ; FLECKEISEN, Philologus, IV, 
335 5g.; RIBBECK, Pro/. in Verg. pp. 415, 417 5g.; Cf. KEL- 
LER, Jahrb. fiir Phil. 103, p. 759. 














20 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. ~ 





§ 6. GUTTURAL CONSONANTS. 


I. Cas a Sibilant. 


From the beginning of the Middle Ages, or, at the ear- 
liest, from the last century of the Roman empire, C before 
I with a following vowel was pronounced as a sibilant. 
About the same time, or a little earlier, T before I with a 
following vowel in like manner became a sibilant. For ex- . 
ample, since céa and ¢/a were pronounced alike (z7a), ci and 
ti were confounded in writing, and thus great confusion oc- 
curred in the Mss. of the Middle Ages. The true spelling 
can only be ascertained from the oldest Mss., and from 
inscriptions. 

As early as the third century, zz before a vowel was confounded 

with cz in the African dialects. See L. MULLER, De re metr. 
p- 262. In the rest of the Western nations, the confusion 
probably first occurred a century later (BR. 215 —219). 


Examples are: condicio, contio, nuntio, otium, solaciunt, 
etc. Here belongs the whole class of Adjectives in -zc7us, 
which were first written with a ¢ (-z¢é7as) after the fall of the 
Roman empire. — 


II. QV before V. 


QV preceding a z-sound does not occur in the time of 
the Roman republic. Cicero wrote QVOM, CVM, QVOI 
(cuz), EQVOS (eguus), and the like. But when VV = vz 
had been formed, QVV_ also came into use, and we there- 
fore write, following the text-books of the Roman empire : 

antiquus, coquus, Joquuntur, 
iniquus, equus, sequuntur, etc. 

Br. 95, 229 sg. Cf. above, § 4. The Ciceronian Mss. still pre- 

serve numerous remains of the spelling QVOM, etc. 














GENERAL RULES. 2I 





But before the combination QVV (gz) was made pos- 
sible, in some instances two new combinations had already 
been formed from the older form QVO. Q passed over 
into C, and from the VO there arose, either through abra- 
sion, simple V, or through loss of V, simple O. 

Thus are to be explained the following forms : 

cum, old gwom, was not written gum. 

cotidie, sharpened into cottidie (guoto-die) ; not to be 
written guotidie. 


As cum arose from gwom, so the termination -cwzs arose from 
guos in Substantives and Adjectives: e. g. aecus, instead of 
aeguus, cocus, instead of coguus, from aeguos and coguos. 
This termination, which we frequently meet with in Mss., is, 
it is true, theoretically correct, but was not accepted by the 
grammarians of the Empire. Consequently we avoid it. So 
too the verbal forms seczustur, locuntur, instead of seguuntur, 
loguuntur, from seguontur, loguontur. (BR. 232-237.) 


§ 7. LABIAL CONSONANTS. 


I. B before S$ and F 98 


B before S and T was pronounced hard, and sounded 
like P. In many instances this hard sound is indicated by 
the spelling, and in place of the original B, we find the P, 
which had come to represent that sound. 

On this point the grammars should lay down the follow- 
ing rules : 

I. B is written before S in Substantives, whose Genitive 
ends in -dis; e. g. urbs, not urps; plebs, not pleps. 

2. B is written before S and T in Brepositions ; ad (ads, 
absque), ob, sub; e. g. absorbeo, obses, obsto, obtineo, subsequor, 
etc ; not aps, oft. 














22 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Only in sudter and sugter are both spellings allowed, but the 

first is the more correct. 

3. P is written before S and T in the Conjugation of the 
Verb; e. g. scribo, scripst, scriptum, not scribsi; absorpsi, 
nupst, nuptum, etc. 

In antiquity, these rules were not always observed. We fre- 


quently find in inscriptions such forms as PLEPS, OPSIDIO, OP- 
TINEO, SCRIBTVS, etc. (BR. 241-248.) 


II. LP between Mand S, M and 7. 


When M and S or M and T collide, a g-sound is in- 
serted after the M. There are physiological reasons for 
this. The P-sound arises on opening the lips closed for the 
m-sound, and renders easier the transition to S or T. Ac- 
cordingly, in Verbs whose stem ends in M, a P is inserted 
before the terminations s7, tum, etc., e. g. demo, dempsi, 
demptum ; emo, emptum; sumo, sumpst, sumptuni, etc. 
This spelling obtains universally in the case of thé Verb. 
On the other hand, the P was generally discarded by gram- 
marians in the Substantive Azems. 

Br. 248-250. HIEMPS is also supported by examples (20. 249). 


§ 8. DENTAL CONSONANTS. 


The two Dental Consonants, D and T, often sounded so 
much alike at the end of a word that they could not be 
distinguished. Owing to this, confusion frequently arose 
between D and T in spelling. The following rules are to 
be observed as being generally applicable : 

1. Verbal endings have T: e.g. zuguzt, reliquit, not 
_ inguid, etc. 














GENERAL RULES. 23 





2. Pronouns have D: e. g. zlud (like aliud), and guod, 
guid, id, to distinguish them from the Verbs gwzz, zt, and 
the general Numeral gzo¢. 

3. Prepositions have D (ad, apfud), and Conjunctions, T 
(at, aut, et, wt). Sed is an exception to the last. 

The Adverb aud has the secondary form aut, and 
sometimes 4az before consonants. 

Br. 251-254. The usage of the ancients deviates frequently 
from these rules. ‘The first rule is the surest, although such 
forms as INQVID and the like occur. We meet more fre- 
quently the pronominal forms QVOT, QVIT, and QVOD 
(as a Numeral Adjective), and even QVODANNIS = guotan- 
nis. So the Preposition and Conjunction AT = ad and at, is 
often not distinguished ; SET = sed is remarkably frequent 

‘ both in old and in later Latin. APVT, ILLVT, ISTVT, 
etc., are furthermore found. 


§ 9. LiquiID AND NASAL CONSONANTS. 


I. Doubling of the L. 


After along vowel L is frequently sharpened. There 
consequently arises a fluctuation in spelling between L 
and LL. Compare, in the alphabetical index, the words: 
querela, Messalla, Paullus, paulus, Pollio, mille, 
vilicus. 

BR. 257-263. 


Il. M before Dental and Guttural Consonants. 


In compounds, M, vegzlarly before Dental Consonants, 
Srequently before Guttural, becomes N. 

1. Before Dental: (idem) exndem, eorundem; (quidam) 
guendam; (tam) fantus; (quam) guantus; tantundem, 
identidem. ~ . 














24 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





2. Before Guttural: cf, in the alphabetical index, 
cumque, quicumque; nunquam, numquam; quan- 
quam ; uterque, utrumque, and the like. 


Br. 263 - 266. 
III. WY before S. 


N sounded but feebly ‘as a Nasal between S anda pre- 
ceding long vowel. It was therefore often dropped in 
writing. On the other hand, it was sometimes written 
even in cases where the word-stem originally had no N. 
Cf., in the alphabetical index, the words: formosus, vi- 
cesimus, semestris. 

Br. 266 - 272. 


§ 10. THE SIBILANT S. 


In the time of Cicero, Augustus, and the emperors im- 
mediately after Augustus, S was sharpened in certain 
words after a long vowel or a diphthong, and was accord- 
ingly often doubled in writing. Such words are causa, 
CAVSSA ; 27¢2150, INCVSSO ; casus, CASSVS; divisio, DIVISSIO. 
The grammarians accepted only one Svin these cases. 

Br. 273-276. Inthe case of double S in the words casus and 

divisio, the first S may be traced back to a D in the stem: 
CAD-SVS, DIVID-SIO. 


§ 11. X BEFORE S. 


Since X ends with an s-sound, an S preceded by X was 
not very audible in pronunciation. Consequently S after 
X was frequently dropped in writing; e. g. exto = exsto. 
On the contrary, the text-books in ancient times required 
that this S should be written after X. Cf. in the alpha- 
betical index, exsanguis and the words given under it. 














GENERAL RULES. 25 





Br. 277-280. Theoretically, there is no objection to writing 
XS, for the s-sound in the simple X was often expressly in- 
dicated by an added S; e. g. SAXSVM = saxum. 


§ 12, ASPIRATES. 


I. -H before Vowels. 


Even in the time of the Republic, H before vowels at 
the beginning of most words sounded so faintly that it was 
not expressed in writing. In imperial times, this weaken- 
ing of the aspiration gradually extended to many words. 

The weakening of the H also took place in the interior 
of words. (Cf., in the alphabetical index, aeneus, cohors, 
prehendo, vehemens, and the words under H.) 


Br. 283-287. In the later days of the Empire, we find great 
confusion as to aspirated and unaspirated syllables; e. g. 
ABEO = habeo, and HABEO = adeo (abire). 


Il. Aspirated Consonants. 


Up to the second half of the second century B. C., the 
Latin language had no aspirated consonants. Afterwards, 
P, C, T, and R were aspirated, and the resulting forma- 
tions indicated by PH, CH, TH, and RH. 

PH is confined almost entirely to foreign words: e. g. Philipputs ; 

but also ¢rizmphus. 

P is sometimes aspirated by the Romans in Greek words, even 

where the Attic dialect has 7. See Bosphorus, tropaeum. 

CH and TH are written not only in foreign, but in genuine 

Latin words. (See in the index, pulcher, Cethegus, Otho; 
cf. ancora, Cilo, coclea, corona, lacrima, Orcus, sepulcrum, 

. tus.) 














26 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





RH is written in foreign words; e. g. rhetor, Rhodus, Rhenus. 
Br. 287-294. The spelling RH was not rigidly carried out. in 
foreign words. See in the index Regium. ' (BR. 294.) 


C. RULES DEDUCIBLE FROM INFLECTION 
AND DERIVATION. 


Only such rules are here grouped together as apply to 
the use of letters either singly or in combination. Suffixes 
proper do not belong here. 


§ 13. THE First DECLENSION. 


Words in -za do not regularly contract -zs of the Da- 
tive and Ablative Plural into -zs; accordingly, double I 
is to be written here; e. g. zzbizs, not ¢zbis; (via) vzds, not 
vis. E.§ 3. 

On the other hand, contraction occurs in the poets, and some- 

times also in inscriptions and in prose Mss. Neues, Lat. 
Forment. I, 32. 


§ 14. THE SECOND DECLENSION. 


1. In modern Latin, and in editing post-Augustan au- 
thors, the archaic endings -vos, -vom, -uos, -u0M, -guo0s, 
and -guom, of the Nominative and Accusative Singular, 
are to be avoided. Cf. § 4. | 

2. Substantives in -zzs, -zumt, should have -zz in the 
Genitive Singular: e. g. filius, flit; imperium, imperit; 
Fabius, Fabii. ‘Before the Augustan age, the Genitives of 
these Substantives ended in a single I. 














GENERAL RULES. 27 





In editing old texts we must be guided by the contemporary 
spelling of the particular author; yet in post-Augustan authors, 
the -i is preferable in Common Nouns. Proper Nouns have 
clung tenaciously to the single J, but even in them zz appears 
in poetry and in inscriptions. (BR. 188-196; 328-330.) 
Adjectives in -ézs even before the Augustan age had -z in the 
Genitive. 

If a vowel comes before the ending -zzs, the contrac- 
tion of the two z-sounds is usual, and is accepted by some 
of the ancient grammarians. We may, therefore, in this 
case, choose between two spellings : 

(a) According to the prevailing usage, a single IJ, e. g. Gaius, 

Gai, Gaio; Pompeius, Pompei, Pompeio. 

(b) According to the general rule laid down by the ancients, II, 
e. g. Gaii, Pontpeii, etc. 

The first spelling (Gaz, Pomfez) is better. 

3. Words in -dus, -2m, have -2i and -za in the Nomi- 
native Plural, and -z/s in the Dative and Ablative Plural: 
_e. g. filius, Plural filii, filiis; studia, studits. But if a vowel 
precedes, the contraction of both z-sounds into single I is 
more usual; e. g. Az Gail, and, better, 2¢ Gaz; Gazis, and, 
better, Gas; so, Pompeii, Pompei; Veit, Vei. See these 
words in the alphabetical index. 

Deus has in the Plural azz, dis, and di, dis. 

Br. 196-198; 137-140. Dei, deis is archaic; diz and diés are 
the regular forms gf the old text-books (e. g. Liv. III, 11, 6; 
19,10; V,32,93 43,73 51,33 52,17. Cod. Veron.). Di, dis, 
as secondary forms, are likewise proved by inscriptions. (Cf. 
also Liv. V, 41,8; VI, 6, 6. Cod. Veron.) 


§ 15. THE THIRD DECLENSION. 


1. Nouns whose stems end in / and 4, retain the stem 
sound unchanged in the Nominative Singular before the 














28 LATIN: ORTHOGRAPHY. 


e 

case-ending (s); that is, B does not change into P, e. g. 
trabs, not traps. Cf. § 7, I 

2. Stems in--07, originally -os, have the Nominative 
Singular regularly in -d7; e. g. amor, not the ante-classi- 
cal form, amos; labor, odor, etc. fonor has frequently the 
secondary form hozos. 

NEUE, Lat. Forment. 1, 166-171. Br. 277. 





3. Some of the e- or z-stems have double Nominative 
forms in -es and -7s. The following Nominatives Singu- 
lar are regular: aedes and aedis, apes and apis, caedes, cautes, 
clades, fames, feles, fides and fidis (“string of a musical in- 
strument’’), /ades, lues, moles, nubes, palumbes, proles, pubes, 
vupes, saepes, sedes, strues, suboles, tabes, vates, vehes, verres, 
vulpes. 

NEUE, Lat. Forment?. 1, 179 sg.,182 sg., where irregular Nomi- 

Autives in -es are given.. BR. 147-149. 


4. The following words have the Accusative Singular 
only in -27z: vis, (amussis) amussim, buris, cucumis, ravis, 
rumis, sitis, tussis. So, the names of Italian rivers in -2s, 
and Greek words in ws, w, have -zvz in the Accusative in 
Latin; e. g. Ziberim, Lirim, Fabarim, basim, ibim, Am- 
Lhipolim, Neapolim, ete. 

NEUE, Lat. Formeni.1I, 198, 207-212. Br.175-179. Names 

of rivers not in Italy have also the Accusative in -isz, e. g. 
Albim, Tamesim, Tigrim, Visurgim. 


5. The following have the Ablative Singular in -z~ 

(a) Nouns, which have the Accusative in -7m. (See 
above, 4.) 

(b) Neuters in -e; e. g. mare. 

(c) Neuters in -a/ and -ar ; e. g. tribunal, calcar. 

(d) Adjectives in -ev of three endings and in -zs; Proper 














GENERAL RULES. 29 





Names, however, in -zs (e. g. Zuvertalis) have -e, as Luvenale, 
Martiale 


The following admit of the Ablative in -e or -2: 
(a) Adjectives in -as, as Arfinas, Ravennas. 
(b) Adjectives of one ending. 


Hospes, sospes, pauper, degener, uber (Adjectives in -er without 
a Feminine form), have only ¢. 


(c) Comparatives (¢, however, is their predominant end- 
ing in the Ablative). 
(d) Participles in -zs. 
Ifa Participial form is used as a Proper Name, it has -e only; 
e. g. Clemens, Clemente: if it is used as a substantive, it gen- 
erally has -e. 


In regard to Nouns substantive in -zs (Gen. -s), which 
generally have the double form in the Ablative, no general 
rule, which will hold in all.cases, can be laid down. 

Br. 158-175. NEvE, Lat. Forment. 1, 213 -250. 


6. The Nominative Plural regularly ends in -es. 

Br. 158. The secondary form in -és was not accepted by the 
old text-books. Only foreign names, especially Greek ones, 
allow -2s in the Nominative Plural; e. g. Sardis, Syrtis, 
Trallis, Alpis. Cf. Neue, Lat. Formenl. 1, 230-253. 
BR. 157. 


7- In regard to the Accusative Plural, we quote the 
following rules from the Roman grammarians : 

I. Words which have -w# in the Genitive Plural have 
their Accusative in -es. 

If. Words which have -zm in the Genitive Plural have 
their Accusative in -es and 7s; especially, 

(a) Words in -s which also have their Genitive Singu- 














30 3 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





lar in -zs, frequently form their Accusative Plural in -és ; 
e. g. avis, jinis, omnis, dulcis. 

(b) Words.in -er which have their Ablative Singular 
in -z, generally end in -zs in the Accusative Plural; e.g. 
acer, acris; timber, imbris and imbres; celer, celeris bhietier 
than celeres. 

(c) Words in -zs and -vs have -es and -is; e. g. fortes 
and fontis, Participles and Adjectives in -#s, zzertes and 
znertis. 

(d) Words in -as generally have the Accusative Plural 
in -es, even when the Genitive ends, or may end, in -zum ; 
e. g. civitates. 

(ec) Words in -x generally have -es; e. g. arces, felices. 


Specially noteworthy are: wrbes and wrbis; tres and tris ; 

plures, complures, and pluris, compluris. 

Br. 149-158. Cf. KELLER on “The Accusative in -s of the 
Third Declension in the Augustan Poets,’ in the /heiz. 
Museum, XXI. 241-246. We do not find KELLER’s deli- 
cate distinctions observed by the prose writers, while in the 
case of the poets they are deduced chiefly from Horatian 
Mss. The Vergilian Mss. present deviations from them 
(RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 405-413); cf. with regard to 
Livy, MomMSEN, Transact. Berlin Acad. 1868, p. 166. 


§ 16. THE FoURTH DECLENSION. 


The Dative and Ablative Plural have the ending -zdus; 
exceptions are: arcubus, artubus, partubus, specubus (sec- 
ondary form, sfecibus ?), tribubus, verubus, vitubus (second- 
ary form, wétzdzs). 

These forms are to be regarded as regular, although not the only 

ones inuse. (BR. 112-118.) 














GENERAL RULES. 31 





§ 17. ADJECTIVES AND NUMERALS. 


I. Zhe ending -imus. : 

From the time of Czesar on, the Superlative was formed 
in -zmaus, though the older form in -wmus did not pass 
away at once. In imperial times, the latter form was no 
longer considered the standard one. We therefore write 
correctly, optimus, maximus, not optumus, etc. 

BR. 107-112, 315, 321. 


So the Ordinals, like septimus, decimus, vicesimus, etc., 
and Adjectives,-like finztimus, legitimus, are not to be 
written with z in the penult. 

Br. 108, 315, 321. See decimus in the alphabetical index. 


Il. Numeral Adverbs. 


According to the rule laid down by the old grammarians, 
Numeral Adverbs, if formed from Cardinals, end in -zes; 
on the other hand, if they come from the Indefinite Nu- 
meral Adjectives tot and guot, they end in -zexs. Thus: 
guinguies, sexies, decies, centies, sass! but fotzens, quotiens, 
multotiens, etc. 

This rule of the old grammarians was not, however, always 

followed, and cannot be absolutely binding for modern orthog- 
raphy. (BR. 268 sg.) Cf. NEvE, Lat. Formend. Il. 171-175. 


§ 18. PRONOUNS. 


I. Hic, Haec, Hoc. 


I. The Nominative Plural Feminine is usually ae; 
there was likewise, up to the beginning of the Empire, a 
fuller form haec. Cf. 2 (below). 














32 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





2. When Azc assumes its full form, with the demonstra- 
tive -ce, we must write hice, haece, hoce, huiusce, huice, 
hunce, hance, hoce, hace, (Neuter Plural) Aaece. So at 
least in the texts of the Republic. These are the original 
forms, from which, after the third century B. c., arose by 
abbreviation the familiar Demonstrative Pronoun, Ac, haec, 
hoc, huic, hunc, hanc. As the -c in this Pronoun is the 
remnant of the demonstrative -ce, this latter suffix cannot 
properly be added to it again. But the grammarians of 
the Empire, taking zc as a primitive, wrote incorrectly, 
hicce, haecce, hocce. 

RITSCHL, Prooemium Indicis Lectionum (Bonn. aest. 1852), 
p. V. Cf. NEvE, Lat. Formeni. Il, 203-209, 211 sg. If the 
interrogative -ze is suffixed, there arises icine, haecine, 
hocine ; like dllicine (ille-ce-ne), isticine, nuncine (num-ce= 
nunce-ne), tuncine, sicine (Ssi-ce=Sic-ne). (RITSCHL, Opusc. 
II, 556.) Cf. NEUE, 1. c. 212. 


II. Js, Za, ld; Idem. 


The Plural of the Pronoun J/s is declined, zz, corum, its, 
C05, 1S. 

Br. 323. Cf. 140 sg. The forms ez and eés in the Plural belong 
to the Republic, and disappear in the early days of the 
Empire. 

The contracted Plural forms zdem (= idem) and isdem 

(= ztsdem) were common. 

BR. 141, 323. NEUE, Lat. Forment. 11,198-202. Cf. Liv. IL, 

30, 13 31, 2, idem = itidem ; and 57, 8;68,2;1V, 24, 5; XCI, 
“Pp. 3, a., 2sdem = tisdem (Codd. Veron., Pal.). Often in in- 
scriptions, isdem consulibus. 














GENERAL RULES. 33 





§ 19. VERBAL INFLECTIONS. 


I. Zhe Third Person Plural of the Present Tense. 


Up to the time of Augustus, the Third Person Plural 
of the Present Tense, third Conjugation, ended in -ov4, 
-ontur, after a preceding V. Afterwards, the ending -zzt 
came into fashion, and we therefore write vzvunt, metuunt, 
sequuntur, loguuntur. See above, § 4, § 6, II. 

On the other hand, we must write /ocutus, secutus, not 
loguutus, sequutus. 

BR. 234 Sg. 


Il. Perfects in -vi and their Derivatives. 


The Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect in -av7z, -ev?, 
-ovi, aS is known, lose the V in the forms which have an 
-r, -st, -ss in the ending, and the concurrent vowels are 
then contracted. Perfects in -zvz, and their derivatives, 
also lose the V frequently, and this too before all endings, 
yet without regularly contracting. 

The following observations are to be specially noted in 
regard to the spelling : 

(a) The full forms are very commonly used in the First and 
Third Person Singular, and especially in the First Person 
Plural of the Perfect Indicative ; thus, -222, -cvit, -ivimus. 

(b) The dropping of the V is very common, if the ending has -r ; 
thus, -ierunt, -ierim, -ieram, -iero. 

(c) The two I’s usually contract before s¢ and ss ; thus, -és¢z(s), 
-isse, -issem ; e. g. audisti, audisse, audissemt. 

Exceptions : 

I. In Perfects in -av/, -evi, -ovi, the V is not regularly 





Oo 











34 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





dropped if it belongs to the stem. Yet moveo admits 
syncope. 

2. Often in peto and eo, and regularly in compounds of 
60, V is dropped in the First and Third Singular of the Per- 
fect; thus petii, petiit, together with ety, petivit; ii, 
lit, together with zvz, zvit. Compounds of eo regularly 
drop the V in all endings; e. g. adi, adit, adiimus, adi- 
erunt, adieram, adierim, adiero; and contraction frequently 
occurs before s¢ and ss; e. g. adisti(s), adisse, adissem. 

3. -2 and -z¢ usually occur in desino; desii, desiit, 
also desttzmus (contracted into destmus). 

Numerous examples, showing in the Mss. a variation in these 

forms that can easily be explained, have been collected by 
NEUE, Lat. Formentl. I, 510-549. 


III. Zhe Future Passive Participle of the Third and 
Fourth Conjugations. 


The Future Passive Participle of these conjugations ends 
regularly in -ezdus. The older form -wnzdus nevertheless 
occurs quite often in imperial times. If a V precedes, 
we must write -ezdus only; e. g. metuendus, vivendus, 
sequendus. On the contrary, if an I precedes, -uudus 
frequently occurs ; e. g. faciundus ; this last form also pre- 
dominates in certain legal formulae ; regularly in vepetun- 
darum. 

Br. 106 sg. NEUE presents examples, Lat. Forment. I, 

384 — 388. 


§ 20. VERBAL COMPOUNDS. 


I. Verbs compounded with Prepositions. 


The grammars of the ancients lay down the rule that 
the final consonant of a Preposition must be assimilated 














GENERAL RULES. 35 





to the initial consonant of a Verb, whenever the nature of 
the colliding consonants allows of it. Before vowels, the 
Preposition changes only in few instances. The chief 
changes of the Prepositions are : 
1. ab before vowels, before = 7, and 4, 4, d, /, 2, 7, s. 
abs before ¢, g, #; and 

as (with the dropping of 4) before J; e. g. asforto. 

a before fin afui (see in the index absum), and be- 
fore mz and v. 

au before f in aufero, aufugzo. 

ab thus does not assimilate, and, in this way, confusion 
is avoided with the usually assimilated compounds of the 
Preposition ad. 
2. ad before vowels, before 7=/7, and 4, J, d, f, m, 2, 
J, VU. 

ac before c; e. g. accipio; not so well before g. 

ag and ad before g; e. g. ageero, -are, from agger; 
adgerere; aggredior and adgredior. 

a before gn, sp, sc, st; e. g. agnosco, aspicio, aspiro, 
ascendo, asto: ad may besides remain in full in 
these cases. 

ad and al before 7. 

ad, better than az, before 2. 

ap usually, more rarely ad (p), before Z. 

ad and ar before ”. 

ad and as before s. 

at before ¢. 

@ also occurs before ¢; e. g. adtraho, Cic. Verr. II, 2, 
1, § 1 (Vat.), and elsewhere. 


3. ante becomes avéi in antistare, anticipare. (BR. 180.) 
4. circum may drop m before co, tre: circumeo, circueo, 














36 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





and commonly circudtus, circuitio, together with 
circumitus, circumtitio. 

e. g. Liv. IV, 56, 5, cércuisse (Veron.), circumisse (Med. saec. xi, 
Par. 5725, Leid. I.). Concerning the old controversy whether 
mis to be retained, cf. FORCELLINI, S. v. Cic, de Re 2. I, 29, 
45 (OSANN). Or. (Luscr. Lat. Coll.), 6140. 


5..com before 4, m, 7. 
con before ¢, d, f, g (on gz see below), 7= 7, 7, 9, 5, 
t, Uv. 
con and col before 7; the latter usually in col/egium. 
cor before 7. 
co before vowels and % (except comedo, comes, conit- 
tor, comitium, comitiare). ‘The initial vowel of 
the Verb may disappear owing to contraction ; 
e€. g. cogo (co-ago). 
co before 2, and, after loss of g, before simple z in 
conecto, coniveo, conitor, conubium. 
On dis, di, and de, see derigo, dinosco, discribo, and dissigno 
in the alphabetical index. 


6. ex before vowels and %, c, A, g, 5, z. 

Except efotus, epotare. Cf. NEUE, Lat. Formend/. II, 766 sq. 
é before 2, d, g, i=, 1, m, 2, 7, v. 
ef before /; e. g. efferre. 

In Republican times (Cicero and Sallust), and, according to 
Mss., even in writers of the first century after Christ, there is. 
also a weaker secondary form of ex, caused by the loss of the 
sibilant, viz.: ec; e. g. ecfero, ecfatus. Modern Latinists affect 
this form, but in any case ecficere, instead of the usual efficere, 
is to be avoided. Cf. NEUE, Lat. Formenti. II, 767 sg: 


7. in before vowels, and %, c, d, f, g (except g7), 7=7, 7, 
G7, 5,4, U. 











GENERAL RULES. | 37 








zz and, more rarely, z/ before /. 

zz and zr before 7. 

7m and zz before m, 4, p. 

im is regular, but zz occurs in reality very frequently. 
Especially must we write imperator, not zzfera- 
tor, and imperium and imperare are preferable. 

z before g2. 

8. ob before vowels, before =, and %, 4, d, /, 2, 7, 5,4, 
v. Of, contrary to the theory of the grammarians 
(above, § 7, I, 2), is. frequently written before s and 
t. In obsolesco, the form of the Preposition ods 
occurs. 

ob and sometimes om before m2. 

oc before c. ~ 

of before f- 

og before g. 

op before 7. 

Contrary to the prevailing rule, 0d also occurs before /: e.g. 

obprobo. In omitto, operio, ostendo (= obs-tendo), b is lost. 

g. per remains regularly unchanged; only before 7 may 
ry pass over into /; e. g, pellego = perlego, pellicio= 
perlicio ; r may also fall out in derivatives of zzs 
and zurare. See peiurus and peiero in the alpha- 
betical index. 

10. sub before vowels, 4, 7=/, 4, d, /, 2, s, t, v. 

suc before c. 

suf \efore f- 

sug before s. 

sum and sub before 772. 

sup before fp. 

subp ..., irregularly, occurs sometimes; e. g.: swbpono. 
Cf.adt. ., ob... 














38 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





sur and sub before 7. 
sus (from subs) in suscipio, suscitd, suspendo, sustineo, 
sustento, (sustollo) sustuli. 
su in suspicere, suspiro. 
11. trans before vowels, and J, c, f, 2, 2, 7, 4, v. 
tran, usually before s, and always before sc. 
trans, and frequently ¢ra, before ¢=2 and 7, d, /, 
My, tH. 
Br. 294-303. With regard to Livy especially, cf. MOMMSEN, 
Transact. Berlin Acad. 1868,.p. 170 sq. 


II. Compounds of iacio with Prepositions of one Syllable. 


Compounds of zacto with Prepositions of one syllable 
should, after the change of @ into z, be written with double 
Z; e. g. abiicio. The theory of the Latin grammarians so 
required, but the forms with a single z largely predomi- 
nated in actual usage. 

We, therefore, are safest in writing : 

abicio, adicio, inicio, obicio, subicio. 


If the Preposition ends in a vowel, 77 may be written, 
and thus the detrition of the sound 72 indicated; e. g. 
coticio, deiicio. But even after a vowel, a single z is safer 
and better. 

We write thus: 

Coicio, deicio, eicio, proicio, reicio, tratcio. . 

Br. 198-202. NEUE, Lat. Formend. II, 734, 753 5¢., 766, and, 

in addition, Liv. (Cod. Veron.) III, 44, 6; 51,12; IV, 12, 10; 
POUR s 2h 4's 58, 32. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX, 


ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED. 


A. 
a, ab, abs, Preposition. 

ab stands before vowels and h; agenerally before con- 
sonants. Before the consonants b, f, p, and v, a is usual, 
while ab is not rare before the remaining consonants, 
and especially frequent before 1, n, r, s, and consonantal 
i (=j): e. g. ab Iove and a Tove. 

abs, better than afs, can only be written before Ze, al- 
though even in this case a Ze is usual. 

Examples in NEvE, Lat. Formeni. II, 737-747. The 
Cod. Veronensis now gives us more certain information 
as to Livy, who is fond of using ad before consonants ; 
e. g. ab iunioribus, III, 65, 7: ab legatis and a libidine, 
ib. 26, 93 44, 1: ab suzs and a se, tb. 43, 6; 35, 2: eta 
fronte et ab tergo, IV, 33, 10: ab Verginio, ib. 21,9: al. 

aps, it is true, is warranted phonetically, and occurs ; 
but it is not in accordance with the regular and generally 
received orthography; e. g. aps te, Cod. Vat. Cic. Ver- 
rin. II, 1, 43, § 111; ads ¢e, Cic. pro Rab. 11, 30. See 
above, § 7, I. On the occurrence of ads elsewhere, see 
NEUE, I. c. 














40 : LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





a and ah, Interjection. 

Both forms are authenticated. Cf. NEUE, Zat. For- 
meni, II, 812 sg. E. g. Hor: Carm. I, 27, 18; II, 17, 5 
(KELLER). Terent. Andr. III, 3, 11; Adelp. I, 2. 47 
(UMPFENBACH). 

abcido, v. abscido. 
Abella, not Avella. 
Br. 238. OR. 7167, al. Verg. Aen. VII, 740 (SER- 
VIUS). : 
abeo, abii, etc. See above, § 19, II. 
abfore, abfui, v. absum.: 
abicio, abieci, abicere, better than abiicio. (See 
above, § 20, II.) 
abs, v. a, ab. 
abscido (abs-caedo), not abcido. 

E. g. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 303 (HOLDER). Cf. RIBBECK, 
Prol. in Verg. p. 444. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 10, 4. 
Corp. Ins. Gr. 1711, B, 12 (BR. 333). 

abscisio, not abcisio. 

Cornif. ad Herenn. IV, 53, 54, § 67, gives the correct 
form twice, but with the various reading, abscissio 
(abc-, KAYSER. Cf. his Corrigenda). 

absens, v.absum. 
absum, afui, afuturus, afore, not abfui, etc. 

E. g. Liv. IV, 12, 7; 58, 2; V, 4,14, Cod. Veron. Cic. 
Epist. ad Fam. Cod. Med. (ed. Tur. 2, III, p. 220, 29). 
OSANN (p. 243) on Cic. de Re p. II, 43. Fi. 7. NEUE, 
Lat. Formenl, Il, 742. 

absens, not apsens. See above, §7, I. Cf. 
Br. 333- MAt, Auct. Class. II, p. 418 (Cod. Vat. Cic. Verr. 


IT, 2, 23, § 55)- 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 4I 





absumo, absumpsi, absumptum, zw sumo. 
E. g.: Liv.: IV} 26, 53. V, 43,43: Vig 2," 12 
ac before consonants, except h; atque before vowels 
and consonants. 
ac (ad), before -c in compounds. See above, S 20, I, 2. 
Acca Larentia, v. Larentia. 
acipenser, the name of a fish, not accipenser, nor 
aquipenser. Hor. Serie II, 2, 47 (HOLDER). 
aclys, aclydis, notaclis. Verg. Aen. VII, 730. Rin- 
BECK (Prol. in Verg. p. 452: acludes, P, 7 ‘‘ xescio an 
recte’’), 
actuarius, not actarius. Br. 129. 
ad incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 2. 
additicius, not -tius. See above, § 6, I. 
adedo, adesum, better thanadessum. 
Verg. Aen. IX, 537 (RIBBECK). 
adeo, adii, etc. See above, § 109, II. 
adgnosco, v. agnosco. 
adicio, better thanadiicio. See above, § 20, II. 
adolescens,,.v. adulescens. 
Adria, v. Hadria. 
Adrumetun, vw. Hadrumetun. 
adsiduus, v. assiduus. 
adsimulo, not adsimilo. 
Verg. Aen. X, 639; XII, 224 (RiBBEcK). Cf. For- 
CELLINI, sub v. 
advecticius, not -tius. See above, § 6, I. 
adversus, adversum, not the older form advorsus. 
Like versus. Cf. Verg. Aen. IX, 443 (RIBBECK). 
wl de Re p. (ed. OSANN, p. 442). RITSCHL, Ofzsc. II, 
262. 














42 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





adulescens, as a Substantive (‘a youth”); not ado- 
lescens. 

Br. 82. Cic. de Re p. I, 3, 13 ; 15,23 (OSANN, p. 58). 
MAI, Auct. Class. II, p. 389. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 12, 
8; V, 32,8. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 2, § 5 al. 

adolescens, asa Participle of adolesco. 

adulescentia, adulescentulus, like adulescens. 

aedes, aedis. Nom. Sing. aedis, more rarely aedes; Ac- 
cus. aedem ; Abl. aede ; Nom. Plur. aedes ; Gen. aedium ; 
Accus. aedes and aedis. 

Charisius prescribes: ‘‘ hae aedes = domus ; sed aedis 
si dixeris, templum significas ” (BR. 147 s¢.). 

The Nominative Sing. aedis is authenticated by a Cae- 
sarian inscription (BR.147); by the Fastz Praen. Ian. 27, 
Mart. 2, 19, April. 10, 28; by the Fast. Antiat. Aug. 18 
(to which GARATONI, Corssrn, and others refer) ; and 
moreover in the 4th century by OR.-HENZ. 5580. Ms. 
examples are to be seen in NEUE, formeni. I, 179 sg. 
Cf. Cic. in Verr. II, 4,55 (§ 122 ZUMPT ; JORDAN). The 
Cod. Veron. Livii has aedis once (IV, 25, 3), but aedes 
twice (III, 63, 7; V, 31, 3). 

Accus. Plur.: aedisque poplicas, Corp. Zuscr. Lat. I, 
551 (2d cent. B. c.), and also in a Swiss inscription (4th 
cent. A. D.), MOMMSEN, /zscr. Helv. 10. Vergilian Mss. 
favor aedes (RIBBECK, /uzdex, pp. 407, 412). 

aedilicius, not -tius. See above, § 6, 1. 
aedituus, not the older form aeditumus, nor aedi- 
timus. 

ZUMPT on Cic. in Verr. II, 4, 44, § 96. Gellius, 
XII, 10. 

Aedui; not Haedui. 

Notitia prov. et civ. Rates (Rhein. Mus. XX, 278), 

Caesar, al. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 43 





Haedui is given in /uscript. Helv. 192 (MOMMSEN), but 
Aed-, OR. 5966, al. 
aedus, v. haedus. 
Aefula, not Aesula. 
Hermes, I, 420. 
Aegaeus,a,um. Alyaios. 

So handed down in good Mss., along with aegeus, 
which is wrong. Cf. Hor. Carm. II, 16, 2; III, 29, 63; 
Epist. I, 11, 16. (KELLER-HOLDER.) 

But on the other hand, 

Aegeae and Aegiae, names of towns. 

Atyew: “Philippus Aegiis occisus est.” Nepos de 
Reg. 2,1. So FLECKEISEN, Philol. IV, 334. Aegeae, 
Justin. VII, 1, 10. 

To be distinguished from these is the form Aiyéa:, the 
name of a town in Cilicia. Aegéas, Tac. Ann. XIII, 8 
(egeas, Codex). In regard to these different names, cf. 
HENR. STEPHANI Zzes. sub. v. Aiyal, Atyeca. 

Aénéus, Anus, more frequently than the forms ahe- 
neus, ahenus. 

Both forms, with and without the h, are authenticated 
in Verg. Aen. II, 470, and Geor. I, 296. Cf. too the ob- 
servation of Gellius, II, 3. Yet the Vergilian Mss. 
have, according to RIBBECK (/udex, p. 423), aénus, 
“constanter exceptis Aen. I, 449 (JZed. 2), et IV, 513 

 (Pierian.).” Ms. tradition of Horace also favors both 
aeneus and aenus: vid. KELLER-HOLDER on Carm., I, 
Raia 89 - F18594, OF 5 9, 193,16, 1:5: Serm, 11:3, 
183; Epist. I, 1, 60; II, 1, 248. (So the Vossian Ms. 
of Ausonius; Ausonii Ep. 25, 23.) 


“The tablet of copper [on which were inscribed the imperial 














44 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





decrees in regard to the rights of citizenship and. of marriage 
granted to soldiers *] is invariably called in our records, up to 
the year 134, tabula aenea [never ahenea].”” — MOMMSEN, 
Hermes, I, 467. 

ahenam, Corp. Juscr. Lat. I, 196, 26 (186 B. C.): 
aheneis, Augustus, in A/oxzum. Ancyr. I, 3: ahene(as), 
Or. 5129 (A. D. 56), al. (FL. 7.) Cf. aeneatores, Cor. 
Luscr. Rh. 1783. 

Aenobarbus, v. Ahenobarbus. 
Aequiculi and Aequicoli. 

Verg. Aen. VII, 747, gives Aequicula gens. Cor, 
lns. Lat. I, p. 564, Zlog. 35, gives aequeicolus. Cf. Liv. 
|e ee ae, ee A 

Aequimaelium, not Aequimelium. 

Aequimelium, it is true, is given in the Mss., but that 
proves nothing, for they give Melius also repeatedly in’ 
place of the correct Maelius (so Cod. Veron. Liv. IV, 13, 
1, Melius ; but, IV, 13, 8, Maelius; cf. IV, 14, 1, 3. Quin- 
til. V, 11, 12; 13,24). The fact that Varro, Cicero, and 
Livy employ Aequimaelium in connection with the de- 
struction of the house of Maelius, supports this form of 
the word. Cf. DRAK. on Livy, IV, 16, 1. CHRIST on 

sic, de. Divin..I, 17,:°39. (ed. Tur. 2, TV,-p.. $34, 9). 
BECKER, Rom. Alt. I, 486. 
aequiperare, not aequiparare. 

Sa ane Them. 6, 1; Alc..11,3 (HALM). Cic. Tusc. 

V, 17, 49. Verg. Ecl. 5, 48 (RIBBECK). FORCELLINI © 
observes that there is abundant hoes Mss. tradition in 
favor of aequipero. 


aequus, not aecus nor aequos. See above, § 6, 
IT; § 14,1 


* See Corp. Inscr. Lat. Vol. III. pp. 843-919 (ed. MommMseEn, 
1873). — TR. ’ 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 45 





aerumna, not erumna. 
-erumna belongs to the rude speech of the people 
(BR. 205). 
aesculetum, not esculetum. 
Hor. Carm. I, 22, 14 (KELLER). 
aesculeus, not esculeus. 
Ov. Met. I. 449. v. aesculus. Cf. 
aesculnieis, Corp. us. Lat. 1, 577, 2, 9- 
aesculus, not esculus. 
Hor. Carm. III, 10, 17 (KELLER). Verg. Geor. II, 
291 (RIBBECK). 
Aesernia, not Esernia. 
Cic. ad Att. VIII, 11, D. 2. Oldcoins have Aisernino. 
Corp. ns. Lat. I, 20. 
Aesopéus [in the time of the Empire, Aesopius, 
Aiodrrecos]. 
Quintil. V, 11, 20: aicweiovs ; aesopius, Cod. Ambros. 
Aesopius, Phaedr. IV, Prol., 11 (MULLER). 
Aesquiliae, vu. Esquiliae. 
aestimatio, wv aestimo. 
aestimo, not the older form aestumo. 2 
aestumo is used in the /ex refet. (B. C. 123/2), Corp. 
Ins. Lat. I, 198. 
aestimo, Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 54, 6: cf. III, 63, 9. 
The same holds relatively in the case of aestimatio, 
aestumatio, and other derivatives. Both w and Zz are 
found in Ciceronian Mss. ; 
Cf. Cic. de Re p. II, 35, 60 (OSANN, p. 436). 
Aesula, v. Aefula. 
aethérius (aifépios), not aethereus. | 
Hor. Carm. I, 3, 29 (KELLER). Verg. Aen. V, 518, 
$38; Culex, 102 (RIBBECK). 














46 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Aetna, in prose, not Aetne. 
The Greek form Aetne (Airv7) occurs in good Mss. of 
Ovid. 
E. g. Met. II, 220; XV, 340 (“ut alibi saepe,” N. 
HEINSIUS). 
aevum, not aevom. See above, § 4, § 14,1 
afore, afui, afuturus, v. absum. 
agnosco and adgnosco. 
adg. Hor. Epist. I, 16, 29 (KELLER). Cf. OSANN 


(p. 297) on Cic. de Re p. III, 35, 47. See above, § 20, 
i, 2 

ah, v. a. 

aheneus, ahenus, v. aeneus. . 

Ahenobarbus is the form of the Republic and earlier 
Empire; later, Aenobarbus. 

Corp. Ins. Lat. I, §71, 1344. HENZEN, Scavi, p. 4 5qq. 
Quintil. VI, 1, 50. Suet., Nero, I. 

Alaesa, Alaesus, wu Halaesa. 

Alamanni, not Alemanni. pias 

Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 403, October 5, 10. Script. Hist. 
Aug. and Ammian. hein. Mus. 1X, 304. 

aleum, v. alium. 

Alexandrea is the form of Cicero’s time ; Alexandria is 
also correct, and probably dates from the time of the | 
Empire. 

Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 474. ast. Venus. an. 724, P- 741. 
Hor. Carm. IV, 14, 35 (KELLER). Cic. de Fin. V, 
19, 54 (Mapvic). Cic. ad Fam. VII, 17, 1, al. Cf. 
OSANN (p. 467) on Cic. de Re publica. Cf. above, § 5, 2. 

Alia, v. Allia. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX... 47 





alica, not halica. 

halica is ante-classical. halicarius is given by Lucilius, 
XV (BR. 284). 

Alicarnasus, vw Halicarnasus. 
alimentum, not alumentum. 

Br. 119. Cf. Cic. de Re p. I, 4, 8. Sall. Frag. Vat. 
Ib, 4 (Hermes, V, 402). 

alioqui is more correct than alioquin. 
Br. 271. RIBBECK, Partikel, 20. 
aliquotiens, better than aliquoties. 
Like quotiens. See above, § 17, II. 
alium, better than allium (“garlic”), notaleum. 

Br. 136, 137. Hor. Epod. 3, 3 (KELLER). Cf. Plau- 
tus, Most. 48 (RITSCHL). Corp. /nus. Lat. IV, 2070. 

aliunde and alicunde. 

OSANN (p. 410) on Cic. de Re p. VI, 25, 27, where he 
erroneously accepts a difference between the words in 
respect to derivation. 

allec, not alec, nor halec. 
Hor. Serm. II, 4, 73 ; 8, 9 (HOLDER). 
Allia, Alliensis, not Alia, Aliensis. 

Fast. Antiat. and Amit. Jul. 18. Cf. Verg. Aen. VII, 
717 (RIBBECK). Alia, Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 39, 6, 8; 
53, 53; but Alliensem, 24, VI, 1, 11. 

Allifae, Allifanus, not Alifae, Alifanus. 

Hor. Serm. II, 3,39 (HOLDER). Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 
p- 299. 

alucinari and allucinari, better than the older form 
halucinari. 

alucinatus, Cic. de Deor. Nat. I, 27, 72 (ed. Tur. 2, 
p- 388, 5. Codd. Voss. 86., Pal. 1519). 

allucinari, Cic. Ep. a Q. fratrem, IT, 9, Cod. M. 


eee | Raa 
‘Th 





rr meer 


TNTO a oe ~~ - 
r ' 


i 











48 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





(where halucinari is given in the margin, according to 
BAITER, ed. Lips. p. Ixxi). The pronunciation with- 
out the % is vouched for by GELLIUs (II, 3) as obtaining 
in his day, and the same author states that CLOATIUS 
VERUS derived the word from d\vew (XVI, 12). 
alvarium (“beehive”), not alvearium. 
Verg. Geor. IV, 34 (R1BBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 388). 
ambedo, ambedi, ambesum, better than ambés- 
sum. 
Verg. Aen. V, 752 (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 444). 
The latter form also is right, but not the standard one. 


amentum and ammentum. 
Cic. de Or. I, 57, § 242 (ELLENDT). 
ammentum, Caes. Bell. Gall. V, 48, 5, Cod. A. Verg. 
Aen, IX, 665 (RIBBECK). 
amfractus, v. anfractus. 
Ammon,v Hammon. 
amoenus, not amenus. 
Hor. Carm. I, 17, 1 (KELLER), Zass. 
This form is also supported by the occurrence of the 
cognomen Amoenus in inscriptions. ; 


Ampsanctus, not Amsanctus. 

Cic. de Divin. I, 36, 79 (CHRIST). Verg. Aen. VII. 

565 (RIBBECK). 
anas, anatis, not anes, nor anetis. 

But in derivatives, anaticula, aneticula; anatinus, 
anetinus. 

Br. 74,75. Cf.e. g. anaticula, Cic. de Fin. V, 15, 42, 
where aneticula is given in Codd. Voss. 86, Erlang. 847. 
LACHMANN, zz Lucr. p. 16. 

ancora, not anchora. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 49 





MARIUS VICTORINUS favors ancora (BR. 283). An- 
chora, according to SERVIUS, is found in Verg. Aen. I, 
169; VI, 4. 

anellus, not annellus. 
Hor. Serm. II, 7, 9 (HOLDER). 


anfractus, not amfractus. 

Br. 264. Priscian, I, 38 (= I, p. 29, 18, HERTZ). 

animadverto, not animadvorto. 

Cf. verto. The expression animum advorto is ante- 
classical (BR. 102). The later form is found even in 
Mss, of Terence (And. I, 1, 129; IV, 4, 28). Cf. Ris- 
BECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 388. 


antemna and antenna. 
Verg. Aen. III, 549 (R1BpBECK). Hor. Carm. I, 14, 6 
(KELLER). Cf. RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 552, 773. 


Antiochea and Antiochia. 
Cic. ad Fam. If, 10, 2, where Antiochea is the reading 
of the Cod. Med. Cf. OSANN (p. 467 sg.) on Cic. de Re 
publica. Like Alexandrea. 


antiquus, “old”; anticus, “that is in front.” 
See above, § 6, II; § 14, 1 


antistare (“to stand ahead of, to van not ante- 
stare. 
Br. 180. Cic. de Re p. I, 18, 28 (cf. OSANN, p. aide 
RITSCHL, Opusc. II, 559. 


anulus, not annulus. 
Hor. Serm. II, 7, 53 (HOLDER). Cic. de Or. III, 32, 
§ 127 (ELLENDT). 


anularius, Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 1107. 
Anxur, Anxurus, not Axur. 


* 





4 











50 LATIN .ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Hor. Serm. I, 5, 26 (HOLDER). Verg. Aen. VII, 799 
(RIBBECK). 
Apenninus, % Appenninus. 
apes and apis inthe Nom. Sing. 
Priscian found apis in Ovid, Met. x11, 928, but the old 
- grammarians approve apes as the usual form (Br. 148). 
Appenninus, better than Apenninus. 
Appenn- is the reading of the Cod. Veronensis Livii, 
V, 33, 6. Verg. Aen. XI, 700; XII, 703 (RIBBECK). 
Hor. Epod. 16, 29 (KELLER). 
apud stands as the regular form, beside aput, which also 
occurs frequently. 
Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 11, § 48. See above, 
§ 8, 3. 
Apuleius and Appuleius. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 573, al. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. 
II, 25, § 107. 
Apulia, Apulus, better than Appulia, Appulus. 
Hor. Carm. I, 33, 7, al.; Serm. I, 5,77; II, 1, 34, 38 
(KELLER-HOLDER, I, p. 238). Sall. Cat.27, 1, al. Corp. 
Ins. Lat. I, p. 299, 13 Pp. 573. 
aput,v.apu 
aquosus, not aquonsus. 
Br. 267, 268, following MARIUS VICTORINUS. See 
above, § 9, III. 
arbor, not arbos. 
Br. 277, following QUINTILIAN, See above, § 15, 2. 
arca, not archa. 
Hor. Serm. I, 1,67; 8,9; II, 3,119; 7, 59 (HOLDER). 
arcesso and accerso. 
Cic. de Or. II, 27, § 117 (ELLENDT). accerso, Sall. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. or: 





Iug. 62, 4; 109, 4. accerso and arcesso, Cat. 40, 6; 52, 
24; 60, 4, al., together with the collateral forms follow- 
ing the fourth conjugation. Cf. DIETSCH, Sall. II, p. 145. 
Nepos, Att. 21, 4 (HALM). RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. 
p- 388. Hor. Epist. II, 1, 228 (cf. 2. II, 1, 168, and 
Epist. I, 5, 6; Serm. II, 3, 261. MKELLER-HOLDER). 
Cf. Fahro. fiir Phil. vol. 89, p. 834, and NEUE, Lat. For- 
ment, II, 416, in regard to the collateral forms which fol- 
low the fourth conjugation. 

The form accerso is not suitable in modern Latin- 
ity for simple, prosaic speech. 

arctus, v. artus. 
arena, v. harena. 
Areopagita and Ariopagita (‘Apeorayirys). : 

Quintil. V, 9, 13 (p. 230, 15, HALM). Cic. de Off. I, 
22, 75 (p. 661, 4, BAITER), al. 

Areus pagus and Arius pagus ("Ape.os mdyos), better 
than Areopagus, Ariopagus. 

Cic. de Div. I, 25, 54, where CHRIST (p. 499, 6) writes 
Ariopagum ; and other passages which NIPPERDEY cites 
on Tac. Ann. II, 55. Cf. OSANN (p. 92 and p. 467) on 
Cic. de Re p. I, 27, 43. See above, § 5, 2. 

ariolari, ariolus, vw. hariolari, hariolus. 
Arretium, Arretinus, not Aretium. 

Sall. Cat. 36, 1. Caesar, Bell. Civ. I, 11, and else- 

where. FORCELLINI, s. v. Avetium. 
Arruns, not Aruns. 

Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 33, 3, 4. Verg. Aen. XI, 759 

(RIBBECK). 
artare, not arctare, from artus. 
artus, not arctus (“‘narrow’’). 














52 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 34, 6, and elsewhere good Mss. 
Cf. KELLER on Hor. Carm. I, 38, 7. 


arundo, v. harundo. 


aruspex, arespex, v. haruspex. 
as- in compounds (= abs-, and ad-s). 

See above, § 20, I, 1, 2. 

assiduus and adsiduus, not asseduus. 

Br. 145, 296 sgg., 305. adsiduus in Cod. Veron. Livii, 
IV, 25, 1; 55, 33 V, 50,8; VI,1, 5. Cf. OSANN (P. 201) 
on Cic. de Re p. II, 22, 40. 

at in compounds (ad-t). 

See above, § 20, I, 2. 

atque, uv ac. 


atqui, more correct than atquin. 
Br. 271. RIBBECK, Partikel, 20. NEUE, Lat. For- 
ment, II, 802. 
attrecto and attracto. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 387 (Aen. II, 719). Cf. 
Priscian, VIII, 85 (= I, p. 438, HERTz). 
auctor, not autor, and 
auctoritas, not autoritas. 
BR. 215. 
aucupium, not aucipium. 
BR. 120 sgq. 
audacter, not audaciter. 
Quintil. I, 6, 17, BR. 202, 299. 
audeo, ausus, the usual form for aussus, which lat- 
ter form also occurs in the time of Cicero and Augustus. 
Br. 275. Cf. casus, causa. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. 
Pp: 444. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 53 





Avella,w Abella. 
avello, avulsus, not avolsus. 
Cic. and Hor.: avolsus [De Re p.I, 1, 1 (OSANN, 
p. 6). Serm. I, 1, 58(HOLDER)]. See above, § 4. 
aveo, v. haveo. 
Augeas (Avyeias), better than Augias. Adjective, 
Augéus. 

Augeas in Seneca, Apocol. 7 [p. 52, 81 (ed. Berol. p. 
223), BUCHELER]. Plin. XVII, 6, § 50 (SILLIG). Cod. 
Voss. Ausonii, Id. 19, 7. See above, § 5, 2. 

aurifex, not aurufex. 
BR. 122. 
autumnus, not auctumnus. 

FL. 8. Fragm. Vat. Sall. Hist. I, a. 8, in Hermes, V, * 
402. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 6, 2. RIBBECK, Prol. in 
Verg. p. 389. Hor. Carm. II, 5, 11, al. (KELLER, vol. I, 
p- 240). 

avunculus, not avonculus. 

See above, § 4. avonculus, Cors. Jus. Lat. II, 900, 

1282; 11... Ct Cie. de. Re:-p. I, 19, 91: 


baca, better than bacca. 

Verg. Ecl. X, 27, al. (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 391). 
Hor. Carm. II, 6, 16; Epod. 8, 14; Epist. I, 16, 2; 
Serm. II, 3, 241; 4, 69 (KELLER-HOLDER). Cic. de 
Leg. I, 8, 25 (VAHLEN, p. 22,9). Priscian wrote bacca, 
II, 6 (= I, p. 47, 5, HERTZ). 

baccar (baccaris), better than bacchar. 
Verg. Ecl. IV, 19; VII, 27 (RIBBECK). 














54 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





balbutio, not balbuttio. 
Hor. Serm. I, 3, 48 (HOLDER). 


Baliares, Baliaricus (Bandapeis), better than Ba- 
leares, Balearicus. 

Act. Triumph. 633 (= Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 460). OR. 
732. On the other hand, 2, 168 (CORSSEN, Ausfr. II’, 

46). 
; “In Cod. Put. Livii id nomen saepius littera z quam ¢ 
scriptum reperitur.” — ALSCHEFSKI on Liv. XXI, 21 
(III, p. 88). Cf. Verg. Geor. I, 309, and Sall. Iug, 105, 
2, where Balear- is the reading. 
balineum, wv. balneum. 
ballista, better than balista. 

ballista, Cod. Ambros. Plauti Trin. 668 (RITSCHL) ; 
balista, 73., Codd. Pal.,Vat. ‘‘ballistae (sed altera / ex- 
puncta),” Cod. Reg. (Paris. 6332, saec. IX). Cic. Tusc. 
II, 24, 57 (p- 270, 23, BAITER). 

balneum has an authorized collateral form, 
balineum; so balneae, balineae. 

Br. 202. Cf. Plaut. Merc. 126 (RITSCHL). Placidi 
Gloss. (p. 438, MAI). baliniis, Fast. Praen. Apr.1. Cf. 
RITSCHL, Ofzsc. II, p. 523. 

balteus, balteum, not baltius, baltium. 

Br. 136, 137. E. g. Quintil. IX, 3, 9 (HALM). 

barritus, not baritus nor barditus. 

KELLER, Weue Yahrb, fiir Phil. 1871, p. 560 sg. 

basilica, not bassilica. 

Br. 276. bassilica is plebeian: Corp. Jus. Lat. IV, 
1779: 

basis, not bassis. 
Br. 276; like basilica. 








= 








ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 55 





batillum w vatillum. 
battuo (“to strike”), not batuo. 

Thus, Cod. Med. Cic. Ep. Fam. IX, 22, 4. 

belua, not bellua. 

Hor. Carm. I, 12, 23, al.; beluosus, 2d. IV, 14, 47; 
Serm. II, 3, 316; 7, 70; Epist. I, 1, 76 (KELLER, 
Houper). Verg. Aen. VI, 287 (RIBBECK, al.). E. g. 
Plaut. Trin. 952 (RITSCHL). Sall. Cat. 1, 2 (DIETSCH). 
Cic. de Re p. I, 18, 30; II, 26, 48. Cf. OsANN, p. 73, 
and MAI on Cic. pro Mil. (Auct. Class. II, pp. 114, 388). 

benedicere and bene dicere. 

benefacere and bene facere. 

beneficium, better than benificium. 
beneficus, better than benificus. 
benevolentia, better than benivolentia. 
benevolus, better than benivolus. 

Both forms are authenticated. In Republican times 
the change dezz- arose, and waS retained under the Em- 
pire. On the other hand, the spelling deze- predomi- 
nates in the text-books from the first century of the Em- 
pire as being the regular form. Br. 179. Jndices to 
Corp. Ins. Lat. The standard forms denevolus, etc. are 
favored by ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 17, § 72; OsANN 
(p. 322) on Cic. de Re p. IV, 8, 8. Cf. RiTscHL, Ofusc. 
IT, 561 sg. x 

bibliotheca and by bliotheca (fiPnos, BYBXos). 

K. KEIL, Rhein. Mus. XVil, 269 sg. OR. 6306 sg. Cf. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, pp. 327, 610. E. g. Cic. Ep. ad Fam. 
VII, 23, 2, Cod. Med., which gives bybliotheca. — 

bipartitus and bipertitus. 

Like tripartitus. Cf. depeciscor. 














56 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





dl 


bipennis, not bipinnis, in all significations of the 
word. 
Br. 142, 143. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 391. 
Hor. Carm. IV, 4, 57 (KELLER). 
Bonifatius is the genuine form, as the old Christian in- 
scriptions teach.h Bonifacius is medieval. 
bos, Gen. Plur. boum, Dat. bubus, more frequently 
than bobus. 
For examples, see NEvuE, Lat. Formenl. I, 287, 296. 
RIBBECK, frol. ix Vers. p. 448. 


Bosphorus is the usual form in Latin Mss., instead of 
the Greek Béazropos. 

FLECKEISEN, Jahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 99, p. a $gq.3 vol. 
IOI, p. 458. 

braca, not bracca. 

Propert. IV, 4, 17; V, 10, 43 (L. MULLER). The c 
was also aspirated : dvacha (BR. 291). 

bracchium, not brachium. 

-cch- is better attested by Mss. than -ch-. RIBBECK, 
Prol, in Verg. p. 391. Hor. Carm. I, 8, 11, al. 3 Serm. 
I, 2, 92; 9, 64 (KELLER [vol. 1, p. 241], HOLDER), 
Cf. GRUTER, 266, 4. brachium is given by Cod. Veron. 
Livii, IV, 9, 14. : 

bractea, wv. brattea. 
brattea, not brattia nor bractea. 

Verg. Aen. VI, 209 (RIBBECK). BR. 133. 
Britannia, Britannicus, Britannus, not Brittann-. 

Brittann-, it is true, occurs in inscriptions. Buta sin- 
gle ¢ is the general usage, and is to be preferred, since in 
Horace the first syllable is short. 

Brittii and Bruttii. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 57 





MoMMSEN, Uxterital. Dialect. 252 sq. (FLECK. 8). n- 
dices Geogr. of the collection of Inscriptions. 
Britto, not Brito. 
Index to Corp. Ins. Rh. 
Brundisium, not Brundusium. 
Hor. Serm. I, 5, 104; Epist. 1, 17, 52; 18, 20(KELLER, 
HOLDER) ; so the inscriptions. 
Bruttii, v. Brittii. 
bucca, not buccha. 
Hor. Serm. I, 1, 21 (HOLDER). 
bucina, bucinator,‘not buccina, buccinator. 
FLECKEISEN, 8. So Mss. of Caesar, Cicero, Curtius, 
Tacitus, Vergil (R1IBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 391), and 
Ovid. Cf. Fragm. Vat. Sall. Hist. (Hermes, V, 402), I 
b, 11. 
bucula and bocula (dimin. of bos). 
RIBBECK, Prel, in Verg. p. 391. 
bybliotheca, wv. bibliotheca. 


C. 


C.is an abbreviation for Gaius. This abbreviation 
dated from the time when as yet the Latin alphabet had 
noG. The full name should be written Gaius, not 
Caius. Br. 213. 

caecus, not coecus. 

Good Mss. have, besides caecus, the weakened form 
cecus, but not coecus. Cf. caelebs, caenum. E. g. Cic. de 
Re p. II, 3, 5. Hor. Carm. I, 18, 14, al. Seo vore 

caedes. See above, § 15, 3 
caelebs, not coelebs. 














58 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Br. 242 sgg. We find in Mss. cael- and cel-. Cf. 
caecus, caenum. Hor. Carm. II, 15, 4; III, 8,1; Serm. 
II, 5,47; Epist. I, 1, 88 (KELLER, HOLDER). 

caeles, itis, 

caelestis, 

Caelicola, caelifer, 

Caelius mons, Caelimontanus, 

caelum, not coeles, etc, Coelius,coelum. 

This spelling is better authenticated both by inscrip- 
tions (Fast. Amit. Sept. 17; Hermes, I, 152, al.), and 
by Mss.: Cic. de Re p. I, 10,°15 ; 13, 19, 20, al. De 
Or. IT, 29, § 128 (ELLENDT). Cod. Veron. Livii III, 7, 
8; 65,2; V, 51,73 52,11. Vergil (RIBBECK, Prol. in 
Verg. p. 393). Horace (KELLER, HoLpeEr, I, p. 241; 
IT, p. 388). In regard to the name of the Caelius mons, 
cf. Tac. Ann. IV, 65 (NIPPERDEY). 

caementicius and 
caementum, not cementum. 

Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 574. 

caenum, notcoenum (“filth’’). 

Cod. Ambros. Plauti Pers. 407 (RITSCHL). Mss. give 
caen- and cen-. Cf. caecus, caelebs. Wor. Serm. II, 7, 
27 (HOLDER). RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 393. 

caepe (caepa), not cepe. 
Hor. Epist. I, 12, 21 (KELLER). 
caerimonia and caeremonia, not cerimonia. 

caerim-, Cic. de Re p. II, 14, 26. caerem-, BR. 330. 
On cerimonia as given in Mss. [Tac. Ann. IV, 55 
(p. 279, 1, NIPPERDEY)], cf. caecus, caelebs, caenum. 

Caeres, Caeritis, and Caeretanus. 

Br. 321 sg. Cod. Veronensis Livii, V, 30, 3. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 59 





caesaries, not cesaries. 
Br. 205. Cf. KELLER on Hor. Carm. I, 15, 14. 
caespes, not cespes. 
RIBBECK, Pvrol. in Verg. p. 393. Hor. Carm. I, 19, 
13; II, 15,17; III, 3,4 (KELLER). 
caestus (“ boxing-gloves’’), not cestus. 
RIBBECK, rol. in Verg. p. 393. BR. 205. 
caetra, caetratus, better than cetra, cetratus. 
Mss. give caet- and cet-: e. g. Verg. Aen. VII, 732. 
Liv. ed. ALSCHEFSKI, III, pp. 88, 751. RIBBECK, Prol. 
in Verg. p. 393- 
Calendae, v. Kalendae. 
camara, vw. camera. 
Camarina, v. Camerina. 
Camena, not Camoena. 
Hor. ed. KErLLerR-Ho per, I, p. 241; II, p. 389. 
Other proofs are to be found in BECKER’s dm. Alterth. 
I, 513 - 515. 
camera, not camara. 
Hor. Serm. II, 3, 273. Br. 72, 75. 
Camerina, same as Kayapiva in Sicily. 
Verg. Aen. III, 701 (RIBBECK). 
candela, not candella. 
Br. 259. 
Canopus, Canopeus, Canopius, Canopita 
(KavwBos). 
“Cicero Canopitarum exercitum dicit, ipsi Canobon 
vocant.” — Quint. I, 5, 13. Verg. Geor. IV, 287. Catull. 
66, 58. See above, § 5, 2. 


Carthago and Karthago. See under Kart ha go. 














60 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Br. 209 sgg. On the 24, BR. 287 sgg. Corp. Ins. 
Lat. 1, p. 575. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 18, § 75. 
OSANN (pp. 430-433) on Cic. de Re p. 

casus is preferable to the form cassus. 

cassus occurs in the time of Cicero and of the first 
Emperors (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 444), but casus is 
the standard form of the Empire (Br. 273 sg.). See 
above, § 10. 

Catina, same as Kardyy. 

E. g. Cic. Verr. II, 2, 49, § 120; 75, § 185, and often. 
FL. 9. 

* Caucaseus and Caucasius. 

Both forms have Ms. authority: e. g. Verg. Ecl. 
VI, 42; Geor. II, 440. Cf. RipBEeck, Pvrol. in Verg. 
417 Sq. 

cauda, not coda. 

coda is plebeian (Br. 206). 

cavea, not cavia. 

BR. 117, 133. 

caupo, better than copo. 

copo belongs to the pléeBeian ébsaniedian’ analo- 

gous are caupona and copa. 
caurus, not corus. 
Verg. Geor. III, 356; RIBBECK, Prol.zz Verg. p. 436. 


causa is preferable to the form caussa. 
BR. 274, 333- caussa is to be regarded in the same 
way as cassus. Cf. OSANN (p. 20) on Cic. de Re p. I, 
3,6. causa is the spelling in the Cod. Vat. Verrin. and 
in Cod. Veron. Livii. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 445. 
See above, § Io. 


cautes. See above, § 15, 3 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 61 





cautela, not cautella. 

Br. 260. 

cédrus (xédpos), not caedrus. 

Hor. Ars, 332. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 393, 
385. Wrong in Placidi Gloss. p. 441 (MAI). 

cena, not coena. 

Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, 1199. Fastz Praen. Apr. 4, and of- 
ten in inscriptions. »Good Mss. emphatically favor cena. 
FL. 10. Rhein. Mus. XXIV, 535 3 XXV, 627. 

Cento, cognomen of C. Claudius, son of Appius, the 
interrex in Livy, XXII, 34, not Centho. ALSCHEF- 
skI, III, p. 471. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 71, 
§ 286. 

centurio, not chenturio. 

Br. 282. 

Cerealis and Cerialis. 

FL. 12. Br. 136, 324. RIBBECK, Pro/. in Verg. p. 
437- The name of the festival is written Cerialia, in 
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 490. 

Cetegus, wv Cethegus. 

ceteri, not caeteri. 

This spelling is. attested by inscriptions (Corf. Jus. 
Lat. I, p. 575), and by Mss. (e. g.-Cic. de Re p. I, 4, 
Ge Coed, Veros.: Livi, Il, 45)-2:; G3, 416. Hor.. ed. 
KELLER-HOLDER, IJ, p. 243; II, p.. 391). FL. 12. 

ceteroqui, not ceteroquin. 

RIBBECK, Partikel, 19. 

Cethegus, not Cetegus. 

Cetegus is ante-Ciceronian. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 339. 
Br. 287. Cf. Hor. Epist. II, 2, 117; Ars, 50 (KELLER). 


cetra, cetratus, wv. caetra. 














62 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





charta, chartinacius, not cart-. 

Br. 288, 219. Hor. Carm. IV, 8, 21; 9, 31 (KELLER). 

cheragra and chiragra (xe.pdypa). 

Hor. Epist. I, 1, 31; Serm. II, 7, 15, where KELLER 
and HOLDER have adopted cheragra in the text. See 
above, § 5, 2 

Chilo and Cilo. 
BR. 201. 
chorda, not corda. 
Hor. Serm. I, 3, 8; Ars, 348, 3 56 (KKELLER-HOLDER). 
Circei, Circeis, better than Circeii. See above, 
§ 14, 3 : 
circinus, not cercinus (xépkwos). 
BR. 142 sg. 
circumeo and circueo, circumitus and cir- 
cuitus, circumitio and circuit. 
See above, § 20, I, 4. 
cithara, not cithera,citera. 
BR. 75. 
clades, not cladis in Nom. Sing. 
Br. 146,149. See above, § 15, 3. 
clatri, not clathri. 
KELLER, Fahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 103, p. 559: 
claudo, clausi, clausum, not the vulgar forms 
clodo, cludo, ete. 
Cf. Verg. Aen. VI, 734 (RIBBECK). 
claustrum, claustra, not clostrum. 

Like caupo, claudo, plaustrum. 

clipeus, better than clupeus. 

BR. 121, 321. clipeus, Zs. Reg. Meap. 5250, towards 
the end of the first century after Christ. clupeus in 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 63 





Monum. Ancyr. VI, 20. Corp. Ins. Lat. II, 1263, 1286. 
Cf. R1IBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 450. Hor. Carm. I, 28, 
Ir (KELLER). 
cloaca, not cluaca. 
cluaca is the rarer form (Br. 81). 


Clytemestra = Knuramryjorpa. In Latin the » fell 
out, and the second syllable was pronounced short. 

FL. 13. Quintil. II, 17,4; III, 10, 4 sgg. Clytae- 
mestra, B., Clytemestra, 4., “‘e¢ sic fere tidem deinceps,” 
says HALM, who puts Clytaem- in his text. Cf. Quin- 
til. IIT, 6,53. Rhein. Mus., XXIV, 494. Clitémestra, Au- 
son. Epit. Her. 1 (Cod. Vossian.). RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 
517. 

Cn. = Gnaeus. 
As C, = Gaius. 
Cnidus and Gnidus. 
Cnosus, Cnosius,and Gnosus, Gnosius, not 
Cnossus. 

RIBBECK, Pro/. in Verg. pp. 444,392. Gn-is the read- 
ing in Hor. Carm. I, 15, 17; 30, 1, al. (KELLER). L. 
MULLER, De ve metr. p. 316. 

co(con) incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 5. 
coclea, better than cochlea. 

Br. 290 sg.; cf. 133 sg. Sall. Iug. 93, 2 (DIETSCH) ; 
Hor. Serm. II, 4, 59, where good Mss. favor coclea 
(HOLDER, II, p. 146.) 

coemo, coemi, coemptum, not coemtum; uw. 
emo. 

coerceo more usual than the older form coherceo, which 
is likewise correct. : 

KELLER on Hor. Carm. I, 10, 18; II, 18, 38; 19, 19; 














64 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Epod. 9, 35. Cf. Sall. lug. 91,75; 100, 5 (Dierscn). 
Stem HERG, as in herctum, erctum. 
cohors, not coors, cors, chors. 
Br. 285, 286. Cf. Hor. Serm. I, 7, 23. 
coicio, better than coiicio, conicio. 


BR. 199 sgg. 300, 334. See above, § 20, II. Coici-, 
Cod. Veron. Livii, VI, 2, 10. 


col-1 in compounds. See above, § 20, I, 5. 
coluber, not colober. 

The latter is plebeian (Br. 85). 
columna, not colomna. 

Like coluber (Br. 83). 
com incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 5. 
comedo, like adedo. 


comissari and comisari, ckwudfw. 
Br. 275. KELLER on Hor. Carm. IV, 1, 11. comi- 
santium, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 29, 5. 
commendaticius, commenticius. 
See above, § 6, I. : 
comminus, not cominus (opposite of eminus). 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 393. FL. 13. E. g. Caes. 
Bell. Civ. I, 58 (p. 46, 2, DUBNER). 
como, compsi, comptum. 
See above, § 7, II. 


comprehendo, better than comprendo. 
Br. 286. 
con incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 5. 


condicio, not conditio. | 
FL. 14. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 394. Hor. Carm. 
1,2, 123.10, 5, 34 (aceceR)s Cie. de Rexp. 254; 7. 














' ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 65 





Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 47 1; 32, 5. Cic. Cod. Vat. Verrin. 
II, 1, 52, § 1373 54 §. 142. De Re p. I, 4, 7, al. 
conecto, not connecto. 
conexio, conexus, not connexio, etc. 
FL. 14. RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 449 BR. 302. See 
above, § 20, I, 5. 
conicio, w coicio. 
conitor, not connitor. 
coniveo, not conniveo. 
Like conecto. 
coniunx, better than coniux. 
BR. 270 sg. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 434. 
consecro, better than consacro. 
Br. 319. Cf. 2b. 77. 
contemno, contempsi, contemptum, 
contemptor, not contemsi, contemtum. 
See above, § 7, I]. Cf. temno. E. g. Cod. Veron. 
Livii, III, 57,3; 67, 4, 53 VI, 2,4, 9. 
contio, not concio. 
Cic. de Re p. I, 4, 7 (OSANN, p. 21 sg.) ; de Or. I, 9, 
§ 35 (ELLENDT). Cod. Vat. Verrin. (ed. 2, Tur. IT, 1, 
P- 449-5 p. 166, 25). Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 19, 4; 27, 2, 
al. BL. 14, 
controversia, not the older form controvorsia. 
E. g. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 48,§ 125. Cf. versus. 
conubium, not connubium. 
Br. 328. Like conecto. 
conventicius, not conventitius. 
Cic. de Re p. III, 35,48. See above, § 6, I. 
convicium, not convitium. 
Br. Rhein. Mus. fiir Phil, XX1v, 538. 














66 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





coquere, better than quoquere. 
coquus, not quoquus, cocus. 
Br. 232 sg. Cf. HOLDER on Hor. Serm. II, 1, 74; 2, 
41. See above, § 6, IL; § 14,1 


cothurnus, ~ coturnus. 


cottidie and cotidie, not quotidie. 

BR. 236, 237, 331. cottidie belongs not ont to the 
refined, but also to the plebeian speech (Corp. Ins. Lat. 
IV, 1939). Cf. MAI on Cic. pro Scauro, Azct. C7. II. 
p. 306; 2. 26, 173. OSANN (p. 475) on Cic. de Re p. 
Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 12, 7; 51, 11. 

coturnix, not cocturnix. 
cocturnix is plebeian. CAPER appears to have pre- 
ferred cuturnix (BR. 87). | 
coturnus and cothurnus (xdé@opvos), not cuturnus. 
coturnus is the form in Hor. Carm. II, 1, 12; Serm. 
I, 5, 64; Ars, 80, 280 (KELLER-HoLDER). OR. 6187. 
¢ and zh, in Vergil. Ecl. VII, 32; VIII, 10; Georg. 
II, 8; Aen. I, 337. RIBBECK, frol. in Verg. P. 424. 
Ouintt. aS, OO.) < On cuturnus, cf. Hor. Senn it » 5, 64 
(HOLDER).° 


crebresco, notcrebesco. 

ZUMPT on Cic. Divin. in Caec. 4,12. Cf. percrebresco. 

cucullus (“cuckoo ”’) and cuculus. 

Zi,in Hor. Serm. I, 7, 31 (HOLDER). cuculus, Plaut. 
Trin. 245 (RITSCHL). cuctilus, Philomela, 35. 

culleus, culleum, not culeus, culeum. 

Nepos, Eum. 8, 7. Only the Cod. R(omani collegit), 
ed. HALM, gives culeos; the same attests the 7 in 
Cic. pro Sex. Roscio, 11, 30 (p. 38, 15, ed. Tur.}. Ch 
FL. 15. Placidi Gloss. s. v. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 67 





cum, not quum, is to be written for both the Conjunc- 
tion and Preposition. 

BR. 223 sgg. (¢ndex). So in Mss. E. g. Cod. Veron. 
Livii.. Cf..Cic. de Re p. (ed. 2 Tur. p. 760, 4—pDu 
RIEU). RiIBBECK, Prol, ix Verg. p. 442 sq., 449. See 
above, § 6, II. 

Cumae, in prose, not Cymae, Cume. 

Cic. ad Fam. VIII, 1, 2. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 25, 4 
Cumas is the reading in Hor. Epist.I, 15, 11. Verg. 
Aen. VI, 2 (where RIBBECK reads Cymarum). RIB- 
BECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 453. BR. 203. 

cumba, better than cymba, not cimba. 

RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 452. Hor. Carm. II, 3, 28 
(KELLER). Quintil. XII, 10, 37 (HALM). 

cuminum = kvpwor. 

BR. 203. 

cumque (= ¢ cum), not cunque. 

Br. 265. Cf. Hor. (ed. KELLER-HOLDER, I, p. 246), 

Serm. I, 4, 66. . 
cuppes, cuppedo, sh a hitepeetaa better than 
cupes, etc. 

Plaut. "Trin, 239 (RITSCHI). cuppedinarii, Ter. Eun. 
II, 2, 25 (UMPFENBACH). Cf. Varro, L. L., V, § 146. 

cupressus = xurdpicoos, notcypressus. 

Br. 203. Hor. (ed. KELLER-HOLDER, I, p. 246). 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 395, 453. Cic. de Leg. I, 5, 
Me 

cur, not quor. 

quor is ante-classical. Br. 225, 228 sg. 

custodela, not custodella. 
Br. 260. . 
Cybébe and Cybéle, KvuB78y and KuBé\n. 














68 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Cybebe, Verg. Aen. X, 220. Cybele, Ciris, 166 (RrB- 
BECK). Ov. Fasti, IV, 249, 363. Cf. Cybelus, Verg. 
Aen. IIT, 111 ; XI, 768. 

cycneus, kvxvelos, v.cycnus. 
cycnus, xixvos, better than cygnus. 

cycn-, RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 392. Cf. the name 
Cycnus, Corp. dns. Lat. IV, 2508. cygn-, Hor. Carm. 
IV, 2, 25; 3, 20 (KELLER). . 


D. 
Dahae, not Daae (name of a people). 


Verg. Aen. VIII, 728. Liv. XAXV, 48; XXXVII, 
38; 40. Tac. Ann. II, 3. 
Dalmata and Delmata. 
Dalmatia and Delmatia, Dalmaticus and 
Delmaticus. 
Br. 75. E. g. Hor. Carm. II, 1, 16 (KELLER). 
Dama, a proper name, not Damma. On the con- 
trary, d(amma, asa common noun. See below. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p.577. Hor. Serm. I, 6, 38; II, 5, 
18, 101 ; 7, 54 (HOLDER). 
Deuiaine and Demaratus (Aaudparos, Anudpa- 
TOS). 
ic. Tuse. V,-.37,: 100.5 de Re p. i, 19, 34. >(Ct 
OSANN on latter, p. 192.) Demaratus, in the Oration 
of Claudius (I, 12, NIPPERDEY). 
damma, not dama. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 430. Cf. Quintil. IX, 3, 6 
(damae, HALM ; damae, 4.; dame, G. 47.). Hor. Carm. 
I, 2, 12 (KELLER). Cf. Dama. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 69 





damno and 
damnum, not dampno, dampnum. 

Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, p. 577. Dampn- is a frequent error 
in the Mss., traceable to the plebeian pronunciation of 
the word. E.g. Hor, Serm. I, 2, 52 (HOLDER). 

Danuvius, not Danubius. 
BL. 185. o BR. 2390, 332. Hor..-Carm. EV, #5. 21 
(KELLER). 
Dareus, better than the later form Darius. 
Dareus in Cicero [see OTTO and OSANN (p. 467, sq.) 
» on Cic, de Re p.] ; in Livy, IX, 17, 16 (WEISSENBORN) ; 
in Curtius (HEDICKE). Darius is the reading of the 
Codices Cornelii Nepotis, but Dareus, Zditio Ultraiect. 
(HALM). Cf. above, § 5, 2 
Decelea, better than Decelia. | 
Nep. Alc. 4, 7 (HALM), where the Cod. Monacensis, 
saec. xv, gives Deceliam. See above, § 5, 2 
decima and decuma (“the tenth’). 

decuma is the older form, used in the time of Cicero 
and Augustus (cf. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 577. Cod. Vaii- 
canus Verrinarum, IT, 3, 24, § 59. Cod. Veron. Livii, as 
23, 8). It also occurs in Quintilian’s time (BR. 321). 
Quintilian, however, VIII, 5, 19, we have the se 
decimas. 

decimanus and decumanus. 

Like decima. The Cod. Vat. Verrin. often reads decu- 
manus ; e. g. II, 2, 13, where the Cod. Lagom. 42, reads 
decimanus. Cf. decumates, Tac. Ger. 29. 


decimo, -are, and decumare. 


decimus, as common Ordinal, not the older decumus, 
Like decima. See above, § 17, 1. decumam, Verg. 














72): “LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Geor. I, 284. Aen. IX, 155 (RIBBECK). Tac. Ann. III, 
21; cf. 26. XIV, 44 (NIPPERDEY). 
defatigatio and defetigatio, | 
defatigo and defetigo. 
BR, Ve Se. Es: 
defraudo, better than defrudo. 
Cf. bans. 
deicio, better than deiicio. See above, § 20, II. 
Hor. Serm. I, 6, 39, where deicere is a word of three 
syllables. Nepos, Alc. 3, 2 (HALM), 
delectus, wu dilectus. 
delenio, -ire, not delinio. 
E. g. Hor. Caren, IIT, 1,-43 eetian), 
deliratio, 
-deliro, 
delirus, not deleratio, ete. 
BR. 142, sg. 
Delmatia, v. Dalmatia. 
demo, dempsi, demptum. 
Br. 248. See above, § 7, II. Hor. Carm. 11,5, 34 
(KELLER). Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 10, 6. 
denuntio, v. nuntio. 
’ depeciscor (depectus) and depaciscor (depactus) ; the 
first form with the Participle depectus is preferable. 
Br. 78. HALM on Cic. pro S. Roscio, 38, 110 (p. 59, . 
23, 0. 2, cur.) Ch FEL. 16. 
deprehendo and deprendo. 
Br. 286. Quintil. IX, 4,59. Cf. IX, 1,17. Cic. de 
Or. II, 68, § 275 (ELLENDT). deprendo, Hor. 
derigo, “to lay straight,”’ ‘‘ to bring in a particular line, or 
direction” 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL. INDEX. 71 


+ 
+ 





dirigo, ‘to move or place in different directions, in dif- 
ferent lines.” 
in derectum (“straight forward’’), Livy, XXII, 47, 3. 
aciem derigere, Liv XXI, 47, 8; XXII, 45, 4 (ALs- 
CHEFSKI). Naves in pugnam, 2d. XXII, 19, 8, al. Cf. 
Vitruv. VII, 3. HENZEN, Scavi, p. 53 sgg. dirigere per 
orbem, MoMMSEN quoted by HENZEN, p. 56. 


describo isto be distinguished from discribo, which 
see further on. 

designatio, designator, designo, wv. dis- 
sign-. | 

desum, deest, deeram, deero, not dest, deram, 
dero. 

_dero occurs, as is attested by (1) its being pronounced 
as a word of two syllables in the poets, (2) by the Zadula 
Malacitana* (BR. 325), and elsewhere. Mss. exam- 
ples of dest, dero, etc. are given by RITSCHL on Suet. 
Vit. Terent. p. 528, and by RipBeck, Prol. in Verg. 
p- 414. But in writing, the correct form deero was also 
retained, independently of the pronunciation. Cf. the 
Ms. readings of Hor. Serm. I, 9, 56; II, 1, 173; 2, 98 
(HoLpER). Cic. de Leg. I, 1,23 4,14. Cod. Veron. 
Livii, III, 34, 73 Vy 7, 13- 

detrecto and detracto. ; 

Cf. Priscian, VIII, 85 (HERTz, I, p. 438). RIBBECK, 
Prol. in Verg. p. 387. detracto, Fragm. Vat. Sall. I, a. 
14. (Hermes, V, 402). 

deversorium, better than the older form devorso- 
rium; notdiversorium. | 

“‘devertit qui a via vel ratione deflexit. Tamen cum 
* Corp. Ins. Lat. Vol. II (Luscriptiones Hispaniae), 1964. . 














72 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





devertit dicatur, diversorium magis quam deversorium 
usus obtinuit. Ergo utrumque usu et ratione dicimus.” 
Placidi Gloss. p. 453 (MAI). OSANN (p. 442) on Cic. de 
Re p. deversorium, Hor. Epist. I, 15, 10 (KELLER), al. 
Cf. BUCHELER, Fahro. fiir Phil. vol. 87, p. 782. 
deus, Plur. dii, diis, and di, dis; not dei, deis. 

BR. 137, 140; see above, § 14,3. Mss. give di: e.g. 

Cic. de Re p. I, 13, 19. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 123. 


dexter, dextera, dexterum, and dextra, dextrum. 
In prose of Quintilian’s time, the syncopated forms 
dextra and dextrum are preferred. Older authors vary. 
It is to be observed, however, that dextera used as a 
substantive is of frequent occurrence. Plautus has only 
‘the full form (R1TSCHL, Ofusc. II, 673). The usage of 
individual authors is given by NEvE, Lat. Formeui. Il, 
57> 
Diana, not Deana. 
Deana is plebeian: e. g. Cor. Las. Rh. p. 380. 
dicio, not ditio. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 578. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 8, 2; 
V, 27,13. FL. 16. RIBBECK, Prol, iz Verg. p. 414. 
dignosco, vu. dinosco. 
dilectus, not delectus (“a military levy”’). 
_ Cod, Veron. Liviu, ITT; 20, 2, 3, al... 
dimidius, not demidius. F 
Br. I4I. 
dinosco, better than dignosco. | 
Hor. Epist. I, 15, 29; II, 2, 44 (KELLER). Quintil. 
XI. 3, 18, 31 (HALM). The older form dignosco is fa- 
vored by OSANN (p. 297) on Cic. de Re p. III, 35, 47. 
discidium, not dissidium. 

















ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 73 





Mapvic, Excurs. on Cic. de Fin. I, 13, 44. FL. 16. 
disCtribo (“to distribute within certain limits,” “to 
divide’”’) must be distinguished from describo (‘to 
copy,” “to make a rough sketch,” ‘‘ to describe”). 
BUCHELER discusses the distinction admirably in the 
Rhein. Mus. xt, 598. Fahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 87, p. 782. 
Cf. Cic. de Re p. I, 46, 70 (OSANN, pp. 146, 512). Cic. de 
Leg. III, 5, 12 (VAHLEN, p. 136). 
discriptio and descriptio, corresponding to di- 
scribo and describo. 
disicio, better than disiicio. 
See above, § 20, II. dissicio, RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. 
p- 414. 
dissaepio, not dissepio. 
Cic. de Re p. IV, 4, 4. Cf. saepio. 
dissidium, v. discidium. 
dissignatio (‘ disposition,” “ arrangement’’) must be dis- 
tinguished from designatio (“ designation,” “sketch”’). 
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, 206, 94, 104. Cf. dissigno. 
dissignator (“one who orders or regulates,” e. g. “fan 
undertaker at funerals”; ‘an usher in the theatre ”’), 
not designator. | 
Hor. Epist. I, 7, 6 (KELLER). FL. 16. Corp. Jus. 
iar L¥,.705. - Cf. 20,'507. 
dissigno, -are (“to arrange,” “ to contrive,” “to plot”), 
must be distinguished from designare (“to mark 
out,” ‘designate ’”’). 
E. g. Hor. Epist. I, 5, 16 (KELLER). FL. 16. Cf 
dissignatio, dissignator. 
distinguo, not distingo. 
Br. 127 sg. Cf. KELLER on Hor. Carm. II, 5, 11. 














74 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





ditio, v. dicio. 
divisio, not divissio. 
See above, § 10. Like casus, causa. BR. 273 sg. 
[divus]| sub divum, sub divo and sub dium, sub 
dio. 
KELLER on Hor. Carm. I, 18, 13. See above, § 4. 
dolium, not doleum. 
doleum is plebeian (Cor/. Zs. Lat. I, p. 359). BR. 136. 
dorsum, not dossum. - 
-rs- is the usual form. Br. 272. Cf. RITSCHL, Ofzsc. 
IT, 544, Rem. 
drachma, not drachuma nor dragma. 
drachuma is ante-classical ; perhaps, however, it oc- 
curs, Cic. Ep. ad Fam., where the Cod. Med. reads 
dracchum. BaAITER (ed. Lips.) reads drachumum. Cf. 
BUCHELER, Rhein. Mus. X1, 515. .drachm-, Cic. pro 
Flacco, 15, 34. RITSCHL, Opusce. II, 483. 
dragma occurs in Mss. E. g. Hor. Serm. II, 7, 43 
(HOLDER). Cic. pro Flacco, (1: c.) Cod. Salisburg. Plaut, 
Trin. 425, Cod. #, where good Mss, read -chum- and 
-chm-. 
Duilius’ and Duillius, not the old form Duelius, 
Duellius. 
DVILIvs, Act. Triumph. anni 404 (Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 
p- 458). Duillius, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 64, 4, al. On 
the forms Duelius, Duellius, see Mart on Cic. de Re p. 
I, 1, 1. OSANN (p. 429) on Cic. de Re p. 
dumetum and dummetum, © | 
dumosus and dimmosus. 
RipBeck, Prol. in Verg. p. 414. dumetum, Hor. 
Carm. III, 4, 63; 29, 23 (KELLER). 

















ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. | ne 





dumtaxat, not duntaxat. 
OSANN (p. 220) on Cic. de Re p. II, 32, 56. 
dupondius and (later) dipondius. 
‘‘ dupondius a duobus ponderibus.”  Varro,deL. L., 
V, 169. dipundium is plebeian. Corp. /nus. Lat. IV, 1679. 
Cf. Petron. 14, 58 (BUCHELER). hei. Mus. XI, 149 
(SCHMITZ). 
Dyrrachini (= Avpsaxnvoi), better than Dyrra- 
cheni. 
Cic. ad Att. ‘TIL, 22, 4 (BAITER, p. xxvi). 


E. 
e, uv. ex. 
ebenus, v. hebenus. 
ebur, not ebor. 
Br. 84. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 437. 
eculeus, better thanequuleus. 
ecul-, Cod. Put. Colbert. Livii, XXIII, 21 (extr.) (AL- 
SCHEFSKI, III, p. 776). eculeus, as a wooden rack, in 
Cic. pro Mil. 21, 57. , 
edera, v. hedera. . 
edo, esum, better than essum. 
Cf. NEvE, Laz. Formenl. II, 566. 
edyllium and idyllium. 
See above, § 5, 2 
ei (Interjection), not hei. 
Verg. Aen. XI, 57. RIBBECK, Pro/. in bike p. 421. 
eia, v. heia. 
eicio, better than eiicio. 
BR. 199-202. See above, § 20, II. 














76 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





elegans, not eligans. ‘ 
Br. 144. | 
elephas, not elephans. 

Br. 267. Hor. Epist. II, 1, 196. (KELLER prefers 

-75.) : 
elleborus, better than helleborus. 

Hor. Serm. II, 3, 82; Epist. II, 2, 137 (HOLDER- 
KELLER). . Verg. Georg. III, 451 (RIBBECK). hell-, 
Plaut. Ps. 1185 (RITSCHL). , 

eluo, eluari, eluatio, v. helluo, etc. 
emo, emi, emptum, not emtum. 

Br. 248. See above, § 7, II. Corp. lus. Lat.I, p. 579. 
In Mss.; e. g. Cod. Veron, Livii, 1V, 13, 9. 

emptio, not emtio. 

Cf.emo. BR. 332. 

emptor, not emtor. 

Cf.emo. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 579. BR. 331 sg. Hor. 

Carm. III, 6, 32 (KELLER). 
epistula (= érisro\y), not epistola. | 

This is the undoubted spelling in inscriptions and old 
Mss. (Fu. 17). The word has undergone the Latin 
umlaut of o into ~ That Cicero must have written 
epistola isa false inference of CORSSEN’S, who has al- 
lowed himself to be misled by the Zurich edition of Cice- 
ro’s Letters (1845). The older Codex Mediceus of the 
eleventh century, which alone can come into considera- 
tion in this matter, gives both forms, epistula and epis- 
tola (BAITER, ed. Lips. IX, p. vi. Cf. the titles of the 
“Books”: epistola 1, 2; but, on the other hand, epis- 
tula 3, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, II, 13, 14,15, 16). It follows from 
this that the late-Latin form epistola was not able to 
supplant, even in the comparatively recent Codex Medi- 

















ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 77 





ceus, the genuine form epistula, which is also well at- 
tested by inscriptions. 

Cf. Sall. Iug. 71, 4, 5 (DieTscu). Mat, Azct. Class. 
II, p. 389. .RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 493, Rem. 

On the other hand 


epistolicus (= émiwroNxds) has remained a foreign 
word, while epistula became naturalized in the lan- 
guage. ES 
equus, not ecus nor equos, 
See above, § 6, II; § 14,1. 
era, % erus. 
ercisco, v. hercisco. 
eres, v. heres. 
erilis, not herilis, v. erus. 
Erinys, not Erinnys. 
Verg. Aen. II, 337, 573; VII, 447 (RIBBECK). 
erus (“the master of the house”), era (“‘the mistress of 
the house ’’), Adject. erilis, not herus, etc. 

RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 409. ‘This spelling is favored 
also by the readings in Hor. (Carm. II, 18, 32 ; III, 27, 
63— KELLER ; cf. HOLDER, II, p. 404) and in Cic. 
(Mar, Auct. Class. I, p. 383). Eutyches as quoted in 
Cassiodor. p. 2313, 9, 19. 

Esquiliae, Esquilinus, not Exquiliae, or Aes- 
quiliae. 

The form Esqu- is rendered certain by the names of 
the tribes in inscriptions, OR. 3091 (cf. Fast. Consul. 
ann. 304, Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 426; II, where we find 
esquilInus), The form Exqu- is founded on the gram- 
matical theory in Varro (L. L., V, 49), and Verrius (cf. 
Fast. Praen. Mart. 2, which gives exquilils. Cod. Veron. 














78 LATIN. ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Livii, III, 67, 11; 68,2. MOMMSEN, Zyransact. Berlin 
Acad..1868, p. 172). 

Aesquil- [Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 66, 5, and Horatian 
Mss., Serm. I, 8, 14; II, 6, 33 (HOLDER). Cf. Epod. 5, 
100; 17, 58 (KELLER)]| is founded on the confusion of 
ae and e and on the derivation of aesculus. Cf. Varro, 
Z. c. (MULLER). 

etiamnum, not etiannum. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 430. 
evan, evans, evias, evius, evoe, wv. euhan, 
etc. 
EKuander and Euandrus, Evavrépos, not Evan- . 
der. 

Verg. Aen. VIII, 100, al. (RiBBECK). Hor. Serm. 

I, 3, 91 (HOLDER, L. MULLER). 
euhan, eddy (evav), not evan, and better than euan. 
euhan, Verg. Aen. VI, 517 (RIBBECK). Ovid. Met. 
IV, 15 (euham, Cod. Goth. 1); but euan in Priscian, 
VI, 29 (HERTZ, I, p. 220), LACHMANN 7x Lucr. p. 309. 
euhans, not evans. 
Verg. Aen. VI, 517 [euhanthis, Cod. AZed.] (RIBBECK). 
Euhias, not Evias. 
Hor. Carm. III, 25, 9 (KELLER). 
Buhius, not Evius. 

Hor. Carm. I, 18,9; II, 11,17 (KELLER). Cic. pro 
Flacco, 25,60. Cf. LACHMANN zz Lucr. p. 309. 

euhoe, evi, not evoe. 

LACHMANN 7z Lucr. p. 309. Hor. Carm. II, 19, 5, 
7 (KELLER). | 

ex before vowels and 4 ; e and ex before consonants. 

In many expressions,only one form of the Preposition 

is usual before consonants: e. g. e re publica, “for the 

















ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 79 





good of the state’; e regione, “‘ opposite” ; e natura, 
“ according to nature” ; and extempore, “ instantaneous- 
ly ” ; ex sententia, “‘ according to one’s wish” ; ex sena- 
tus consulto ; ex lege, and, if an adjective follows, e lege 
(for instance, e lege Rupilia) ; ex parte, “partly” ; ex 
professo, ‘‘ avowedly,” ‘‘‘ intentionally ” ; ex Ponto; ex 
me (te, se) ; ex meo, tuo; ex ande suo. | 

NEUE (Zaté. Formenl. II, 756 - 770) has pe irres these 
and many other examples. 

examen, not exag men (exacmen), “a swarm.” 
RIBBECK, Prol, i2 Verg. p. 420. 

exedo, exedi, exesum,not exessum. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 445. 

exedra and exhedra. 

There is Ms. authority for both forms. Cf. Cic.de Or. 
III, 5, §17(exedra, BAITER, ed. Tur., and ELLENDT) ; de 
Fin. V, 2, 4 (exhedr-, BAITER) ; de Deor. Nat. I, 6, 15 
(exedr-, BAITER, ed. Tur., while the Tauchnitz edition 
reads exhedr-). In Quintil. XI, 2, 20, HALM reads exe- 
dris, but traces of the / are still visible in the Ms. 

In Vitruv. V, 11, 2, ROSE-MULLER reads exedra 
twice, but the Mss. give sometimes one form, sometimes 
the other. exsedra occurs in OR. 3283. 

exedrium and exhedrium. 
Like exedra. exhadria is found in Cod. Afed. Cic. Ep. 
* ad Fam. VII, 23, 3. 
exim and exin. 
RITSCHL, Opusc. II, 455, 459. 
eximo, exemptum, not exemtum. 

Like emo. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 579. Cod. Veron. 

Livii, V, 51, 4. 
existimatio, better than existumatio. 














80 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





existumatio is archaic, yet it occurs in Ciceronian Mss. 
E. g. Cod. Vat. Verrin. III, 83, 192. Cf. aestumo. existi- 
matio is found in Cod. Veron. Livii, 1V, 15,1 Br. 5, 111. 
existimo, like existimatio. 
existumas, along with existimas, in Cic. de Deor. Nat. 
II, 29, 73. existimet, in de Re p. I, 20, 23. 
Exquiliae, Exquilinus, vw Esquiliae. 
ex-S-,e.g. exsanguis, better than exanguis. 
Both forms are correct, but the rule is, as laid down 
by the grammarians and sanctioned by frequent usage, that 
the s is to be retained in compounds made up of ex and 
a word commencing with s. Thus, exsaevio, exscensio, 
exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, 
exsequor, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, ex- 
somnis, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, ex- 
spuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, ex- 
struo, exsudo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, 
etc., with their derivatives. Br. 278-280, 333. Cf. 
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 1, § 2, exstiterunt ; I, 39, 
§ 177, exsilium, exsulo. OSANN (p. 18) on Cic. de Re p. I, 
3,6. RIBBECK, Prol, 22 Verg. p. 445 sq. 


F. 


faenerator, faeneratrix, not foen-. 
faenero, not foenero. 
Cf. faenus. 
faenile, not fenile (foenile). 
Verg. Georg. III, 321 (RIBBECK). 
faeniseca, faenisex, faenisicia, faenisicium, not 
foeniseca, etc. 
Cf. faenum. 

















ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 8I 





faenum, not the plebeian collateral form fenum; foe- 
num is incorrect. 

Hor. Serm. I, 4, 34 (HOLDER). 

Sofaenarius, faenisex, faenisicia, fae- 
nisicium, not the plebeian collateral form fen-. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, pp. 580, 358 (Alexol. Iun. 12, 13). 
CorssEN, Ausspr. I, 327. BR. 205. 


faenus, faenoris, better than fenus; not foenus. 

Br. 103 sg. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 284; log. xXxi1 
(CorssEN, Ausspr. I?, 327). DIETSCH on Sall..Cat. 33, 2. 
Hor. Epod. 2, 4, 67 (fenore, fenerator) ; Epist. I, 1, 80; 
Ars, 421 (KELLER). 

fames, not famis, inthe Nom. Sing. 
Br. 147, 149. See above, § 15, 3. 
farcio, farsi, fartum, not farctum, farsum. 
Cic. in Verr. II, 5, 11,§ 27 (Zumpr). fartor, Hor. 
Serm. II, 3, 229 (HOLDER). 
Februarius, not Febrarius. 
BR. 130. 
fecunditas, . 
fecundo, 
fecundus, not foecunditas, etc. 

For. Carm. Ili, 6, 17; 23,6; Serm., El, 3,237, al. 
(KELLER-HOLDER). CORSSEN quotes examples from 
inscriptions, Ausspr. I7, 326. Cf. Gellius, XVI, 12. 

feles. See above, § 15, 3. 
femina, not foemina. 

Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p- 580. 

femur, not femor. 

Br. 84, 85, Rem. 





6 











82 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





fenerator, feneratrix, fenero, vw. faenus. 
fenile, v. faenile. 7 
feniseca, fenisex, fenisicia, fenisicium, 
v.faenum. 
fenum wv. faenum. 
fenus, v. faenus. 
feria, not ferea. 
BR. 133. 
ferveo, not ferbeo. 
BR. 2309. 
fetialis, not fecialis. 
Cic. de Re p. II, 17, 31. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 58, 1. 
Cf. FoRCELLINI s. v. Fahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 77, p. 348. 
fetidus, feteo, fetor, better than foet-. ? 
LACHMANN zz Lucr.p. 271. foet- is the reading in 
Cic. in Pis, 6, 13; 10, 22. 
fetus, Substantive and Participle, not foetus. 


Stem like fecundus. E.g. Hor. Carm. III, 27, 4; 


IV, 5, 27; Carm. Saec. 31 (KELLER). 
> 
ficticius, not fictitius. See above, § 6, I. 
fides and fidis (“string of a musical instrument’’). 
Neve, Lat. Formenl. 1, 179 sg. BR. 146, 149. See 
above, § 15, 3. 
filix (“fern”), not felix, filex. 
» BR. 141. 
finitimus, better than finitumus. 
finitumus is the older form, but nevertheless kept its 
place in the time of the Empire. E. g. Cod. Veron. 
Livii, IV, 12, 9; together with finitimus, IV, 7, 12. Cf. 
2b.17,6. See above, § 17, I. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 83 





flagellum, not fragellum. 
Br. 258. " 
fluviduis and fluidus. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 448. 
foecunditas, foecundus, and derivatives, v. fe- 
cundus. 
foedus, -a, -um, and foedus, foederis, not fedus. 
Br. 207. Cf. KELLER on Hor. Carm. III, 5, 15; 6, 
4; 24, 23. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 18, 10; 44,1; and 
22, 4. 
foenerator, foeneratrix, foenero,w. fae- 
nus. 


foenile, foenisex, and kindred formations, v. fae- 
num. 


foenum, wv. faenum. 
foenus, vw faenus. 
foetus, vw fetus. 


Forensia and Foresia. 
Foresia is Ciceronian (BR. 268). 


formica, not furmica. 
Br. 85. 


formidulosus, better than formidolosus. 

In Hor. Carm. II, 17, 18, Epod. 5, 55, KELLER writes 
formidulosus. 

This is an old-Latin form: e. g. in Plaut. Ps. 824 
(RITSCHL), Terent. Eun. IV, 6, 18(UMPFENBACH).- Cf. 
Sallust, ed. Dierscn, II, p.220. But it is probable that 
later, formidolosus, perhaps in consequence of the simi- 
larity of sound with formido, became of frequent occur- 
rence also. Cf. Cic. in Verr. II, 5, 1, § 1. Cic. pro 





° 











84. LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Cluent. 3, 7; in Pis. 24,58. Tac. Ann. I, 62, and other 
passages quoted in CORSSEN’sS Ausspr. II*, 145. 
formosus, not formonsus. 

The older form formonsus was dropped from the gram- 
mars in imperial times. (BR. 268; see above, § 9, III.) 
Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 434. RITSCHL, Ofusc. 
II, 715. 

forsan, forsitan, not -am. 

On the occurrence of forsam, forsitam, see RITSCHL, 

Opusc. II, 570. 
fraus, fraudis, not frudis, etc. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 420. Cf. besides, Aen. IV, 
675. 
frenum, not fraenum. 
According to settled and trustworthy tradition. 
frondosus, like formosus. 
frons, not fros nor frus. 

RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 420. 

That Pliny the Elder preferred fros is apparently a 
peculiarity of his (BR. 267). 

frustum, not frustrum. 

The recommendation to the contrary, laid down for 
our guidance, in the Appendix Probi (BR. 272), is based 
upon the incorrect spelling of Mss. Cf. R1ipBEcK, Prol. 
in Verg. p. 443. Hor. Serm. II, 6, 86 (HOLDER). 

furvus, not the archaic form forvus. 

KELLER on Hor. Carm. II, 13, 21. 

fusus, not fissus. 
Like ausus, casus, causa (BR. 275). 
futtilis, better than futilis. 
Verg. Aen. XI, 339; XII, 740(RipBEcK). Cf. Ter. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 85 





Andr. III, 5, 3 (UMPFENBACH), where the Cod. Basilic. 
reads futili. 


Cc. 


gaesum, notgesum (yacds, yaioov). Verg. Aen. VIII, 
662. Caes. B. G. ITI, 4, al. 
Gaetuli and Getuli. 
Br. 330. Cf. Sall. Iug. 18, al (D1ETscu, II, p. 223). 
Hor. Carm. I, 23, 10; II, 20, 15; ILI, 20, 2. (KELLER). 
Gaius, Gai, better than Gaii. 
See above, § 14, 2 (a) and 3. Gai, e. g. Cod. Veron. 
Livii, III, 21,7. See C. 
gallinacius or gallinaceus, not gallinatius. 
Br. 219; see above, § 6,I. E. g. Cic. pro Mur. 29, 61 
(gallinacium, JZozac. 15743; gallinarium, JZozac. 68). 


garrulus, not garulus. 
Br. 272. Cf. Hor. Epist. I, 18, 69 (KELLER). 


Genava (‘Geneva’), not Geneva. 

Caes. B. G. I, 6, 3. BRAMBACH, Rhein. AZus. XXII, 
8. MomMSEN, Zuscr. Helvet. 83, 84. 

genetivus, not genitivus. 

The weight of Ms. authority favors emphatically gene- 
tivus for the name of the case, as has already been ob- 
served by LACHMANN (iz Lucr. p. 15 sg.). The proper 
name Genitivos, which CoRSSEN (II*, 297) cites (OR. 
5749; 189 A. D.), has arisen from the well-known um- 
laut e-z, and can prove nothing for the name of the case. 
Cf. genetrix (genitor). 

genetrix, not genitrix. 
Fasti Pine. Sept. 26, Corp. Lns. Lat. I, p. 208 3 2. n. 














86 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





1008 ; IV, 3072. Cf. II, 3270. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 133 
(HOLDER). LACHMANN zz Lucr.p. 15. HUBNER, Fahrd. 
fiir Phil. vol. 77, p. 3583 vol. 79, p. 437. FL.17. Ris- 
BECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 420. 
The masculine is genitor. 
genitivus, v. genetivus. 
genitor, uv. genetrix. 
gentilicius, not gentilitius. 
Br.219. See above, § 6, I. 
Getuli, v. Gaetuli. 


gilvus, not gilbus. 
BR. 239. 
girus, v. gyrus. 
glaeba, better than gleba. 
Hor. Carm. III, 6, 39; Epod. 16, 55; Epist. I,.14, 
39 (KELLER). RripBEcK, Prol, ix Verg. p. 414. Aen. 
VII, 747. 
glis, not glir. 
Br. 277. 
gloriosus, like formosus. 
See above, § 9, III. 
Gnaeus. See Cn. 
gnarus, more frequent than narus. See narus. 
genatus (“‘son”) and gnata (“daughter”), forthe more © 
modern natus, nata, were still employed in the dac- 
tylic poetry of the Augustan age. 
RIBBECK, Prols in Verg. p. 420. Hor. ed. KELLER- 
HOLDER, II, pp. 411, 431. 
In the time of Cicero, natus, as a Participle from nas- 
cor, was already of frequent occurrence (Corp. Jus. Lat. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 87 





I, p. 587. Cf. OSANN (p. 297 sg.) on Cic. de Re p. 
III, 35, 47. 
Gracchus, not Graccus. 
BR. 282 sg., 290. 
Graius, Grai. See above, § 3,2; § 14,3 
gratiis and gratis. 

In Plautus and Terence, used only as a word of three 
syllables (RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 603 ; BENTLEY on Ter. 
Ad. IV, 7, 26); in classical times, as a word of three 
and of two syllables. ZuMpPT on Cic. in Verr. II, 4, 9, 
§19. Cf. ingratis. 

grunnio, not grundio. 
Br. 271. 
gutus, not guttus. 

Hor. Serm. I, 6, 118 (HoLpER). 

gyrus (yipos), not girus. 

Br. 126, 


H. 


Hadria, Hadriacus, Hadrianus, Hadriaticus, not 
Adr-. 
Hor. (ed. KELLER-HOLDER, I, p. 257; II, p. 412). 
Verg. Aen. XI, 405 (RIBBECK). 
Hadrumetum, Hadrumetinus, not Adr-. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, 200, 79. Sall. Iug. 19,1. Nepos, 
Hann. 6, 3, 4 | 
haedilia and Q 
haedus, not hoedus, aedus, edus. 
aedus is a collateral form, but not classical ;. edusis rus- 
tic. Quintil. I, 5,20. Br. 205, 282, 284. Cf. RIBBECK, 














88 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Prol.in Verg. p. 422. Hor. Carm. I, 4, 12; 17, 9, al. 
(KELLER, vol. I, p. 257). ' 
Halaesa,not Halesa, Alesa, Alaesa. 

Halesa, Cic. Verr. II, 2, 7, § 19; 65, § 156; 3, 6, § 13 

(ZuMPT), 83, 192, al. Cf. Halaesus. 
Halaesus, not Halesus. 

Verg. Aen. VII, 724; X, 3523; 411 sgg. (RIBBECK). 
halica, w alica. 
Halicarnasus and Alicarnasus, witha singles. 

The unaspirated form is supported by tradition. E. g. 
in Cic. Tusc. III, 31, 75. Nepos, Lys. 3, 5, Tac. Ann. 
IV, 55. 

halucinor, -ari, v. alucinor. 

Hamilcar (=’Aui\kas), not Amilear. Like Hanni- 
bal. ; 

Hammon, better than Ammon. 

Verg. Aen. IV, 198 (R1IBBECK). Cf. Prol. in Verg. 
p- 421. Nepos, Lys. 3, 2. 

Hannibal (=’AvviBas), not Annibal. ELLENDT 
on Cic. de Or. II, 18, § 75, al. 

Hanno (=*Avywr), not Anno. Like Hannibal. 

harena, better than arena, which form is, however, 
also ancient. 

Br. 284, 288, 314. E. g. Hor. Carm. I, 28, 1, 23; 
Epist. I, 1, 6, al. (KELLER). KRIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. 
Dp, 422. Cic. de .Re p. I, 17, 20. 

harenosus, better than arenosus or harenon- 
SUS. 

Cf. harena. Br. 267. E. g. Sall. Iug. 48, 3 ;.79, 3, 

where the 4 is not retained throughout in Mss. 

















ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 89 





hariola, hariolatio, hariolus, and ariola, ariolatio, 
ariolus. 
hariolor and ariolor. 
Cic. de Div. I, 31, 66 (har- and ar-) ; 58, 132 (har-) 
(CuRisT). Plaut. Mil. 692; Mest. 571, ar- (RITSCHL). 
harundo, better than arundo. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 422. 


haruspex, better than aruspex, arespex. 
Br. 123. Cf. 2d, 283,314. RiBBECK, Prol. in Vers. 
p- 421. 
Hasdrubal (= ’AcdpovBas), like Hannibal. 
E. g. Hor. Carm. IV, 4, 38, 72. 
haud and haut. 
The first form is the usual one in ancient grammars. 
Br. 252. On haut, see DIETSCH On Sallust, II, p. 227. 
Before consonants, hau is also used. BR. 253. See 
above, § 8 (FL. 18. Corp. Jus. Lat. 1, p. 581). RIB- 
BECK, Lrol. in Verg. pp. 397, 425. Hor. Epod. 1, 32 
(KELLER); Serm. IT, 1, 39 (HOLDER); cf. their /zdex 
(II, p. 412). Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 57, 7; 64,1; IV, 
12;.8, etc. 
- haveo and aveo;; the first is the pronunciation accord- 
ing to Quintilian (I, 6, 21). 
Br. 284. Corp. dns. Lat. 1, 1072; IV, p. 239. Corp. . 
Ins. Rh. 1153. Hor. Serm. I, 1, 94; 4,87; II, 4,13; 6, 
99 (HOLDER). 


hebenus, better than ebenus (éSevos and éfevos). 
E. g. Verg. Georg. II, 117 (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. 
p- 421). Ovid. Met. XI, 610. Mss. vary between the 
two forms. So also in Pliny, where SILLIc writes hebe- 
nus. On &Sevos, see 7hes. Gr. (ed. DINDORF). 














go LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





hedera, better than edera. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 421, 422,385. Hor. Carm. 
I, 1, 29, al.; Epist. I, 3, 25 (KELLER). OR. 6140. 
Festus Pauli, however, has edera under E (p. 82, 
MULLER). e 


heia (Interjection) and eia. 
Verg. Aen. IV, 569 (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421). 
Hor. Serm.I, 1,18; II, 6,23 (HOLDER). ela, Cod. Vos. 
Auson., Ephem. (Parecbasis 1). : 


heiulo, heiulatio, not eiul-. 
Hor. Epod. 10,17 (KELLER). Eutyches, p. 2312, Io. 
Cf. Varro, L. L., VII, 103. 


Heliopolis and Heliupolis (HXovrons). 
Cic. de Deor. Nat. III, 21, 54. NeEur, Lat. Formenl. 
F233. CE Ba. 477: | 


helleborus, wv. elleborus. 
hélluo, hélluatio, 


hélluor (better than heluor) and elluor; the latter 
form is more modern, but belongs at latest to the sec- 
ond century“after Christ. 
hell- is supported by tradition in Cic. de Provin. Con- 
sul. 6, 14; in Pis. 10, 22; pro Sest. 52, 111; de Fin. 
III, 2, 7; heluato, RIBBECK, in Verg. Catalect. 5, 11. 
elluari had already in the time of Gellius long existed 
(II, 3), but first came into very general use after the 
time of Augustus, for Festus Pauli says: heluo “ab 
eluendo, cui aspiratur, ut aviditas magis exprobretur ” 
(MULLER, p.99). Cf. Rhein. Mus. VII, 296. | 


Helotae, vw Hilotae. 
helus, v. holus. 











ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. . gI 





Henna, not Enna, in Sicily. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, 520 (MomMMSEN). Cic. Verr. II, 2, 
, 65, § 156 (ZuMPT) ; 3, 83, § 192, al. 
Heraclea, and (later) Heraclia, name of several 
towns. 
See above, § 5,2. Cf. Cic. Verrin. II, 2, 50, § 125, 
where the Cod. Vat. gives Heracleae; pro Archia, 4, 
6 sgg. But Heraclienses is given by Codd. Gembdlac. 
(= Brux, 5352), Erfurt., Schol., Ambros. Mat “ubi- 
que,” BAITER on Cic. pro Arch. (ed. 2 Tur. p. 788, 14). 
Verr. II, 2, 50, § 125 (Zumpt). Cf. 2d. II, 5, 33, § 86; and 
the names Heraclius, Cod. Vat. Verrin., together with 
Heracleus, Codd. Lagom. 29 (and 42), B. (Paris, 7776) ; 
~ e. g. Verrin. II, 2, 14, § 35; 27, § 65 (ZuMPT), al. 
herbosus, like formosus. 
Br. 268; see above, § 9, III. 
hercisco and ercisco. 
Br. 283. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 56,§ 237. Fes- 
tus Pauli has the word under E (p. 82, MULLER). 
here (‘‘yesterday”) belongs to the age of Quintilian ; 
Augustus wrote heri. = 
HoLpeEr on Hor. Serm. II, 8, 2. Cf. Luc. MULLER, 
De Re Metr. 334. NEvE, Lat. Formeni, II, 685. 
hereditas, like heres. | 


heres, not eres. 
The latter form also occurs in antiquity, but the spell- 
ing is less correct. Br. 283, 314. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 
p- 581, and often in inscriptions. Also in Mss.: e. g. 
Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 42, § 107; 43, § 110, al. here- 
ditas, 20. 
~herus, v. erus. 

















Q2 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Hiber, Hiberes, 

Hiberia, 

Hiberus, notIberus, etc. 

Fragm. Palat. Liv. XCI, p. 4, a, gives Hiberum amnem. 

— RiBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421. Hor. Carm. I, 29, 
rs; II, 20, 20; IV, '-5, 253 14, 50; Epod.:: 4,33; 5, 21 
(KELLER) ; Serm. II, 3, 46 (HOLDER). Monum. Ancyr. 
V, 533; Corp. Ins. Rh. 484. Corp. Ins. Lat. II, 2660, 4, 
al. 


hice. See above, § 18, I. 
hiems, better than hiemps. 

The last, though physiologically correct and to be met 
with in classical authors, was discarded by the grammar 
of the Empire. Br. 249. See above, § 7, II. Cf. 
KELLER on Hor. Carm. I, 4.1; Epod. 2, 52. 

Hilotae (= etAwra) and Ilotae. 

Nepos, Pausan. 3,6 (HALM). Liv. XXXIV, 27, 9. 

See above, § 5, 2. 
hircus, not ircus or hirquus. 

Br. 234. The form ircus likewise occurs, but was re- 
garded as archaic in Quintilian’s time (BR. 282). Cf. 
Hor. Serm, I, 2,27; 4,92; Ars, 220 (HOLDER-KELLER). 
RIBBECK, Prol. iz Verg. p. 443. 

Hirpini, not Irpini. 
Liv. XXII, 61, 11, al. (ALSCHEFSK]). 
Hispallus, not Hispalus. 

Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 39. 

Hister (=“Iorpos), better than Ister. 

RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421. Nepos, Milt. 3, 1 
(HALM). 

Histria, better than Istria. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 93 





Corp. Ins. Lat. 11,2643 ; other examples may be found 
in CoRSSEN, Ausspr. I?,"p. 106. 
holitor, holitorium, v. holus. 


holus, better than olus ; not the archaic helus. 

Br. 102. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421. Hor. (ed. 
KELLER-HOLDER, II, p. 413). Cf. Holitor, Corp. Zus. 
Lat. I, 1057 ; holitorium, Fast. Vall. Aug. 1 (2b. p. 320). 
HENZEN, Scazi, p. 86. 


honor and honos. 
CL Br. 277. See above, § 15, 2... Corp, Jus. Lek. 
p- 581. Hor. (ed. KELLER-HOLDER, II, p. 413). EL- 
LENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 54, § 232. OSANN on Cic. de 
Re p;. 1,34, 53. Cic. in Verr. II, 3,16, § 43 cbse 
Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 50, 7, honosque. 
hora, not ora. 
RIBBECK, rol. in Verg. p. 422. 
hordeum, not ordeum, and not hordium. ees 
E. g. Verg. Ecl. V, 36. Quintil. I, 5, 16. The Rustic 
Calendar, Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 359, Jul., Nov. Vel. Lon- 
gus, 2238, 45. Scaur. 2250, 39; 2258, 45; “‘ notatur 
~ordeum,” Eutyches, p. 2313, 33 (CoRSSEN, Ausspr. I2, 
pp- 100, 107). 
_hortus, not ortus. 
Br. 283. 
humerus, v. umerus. 
humidus, wv. umidus. 
humo,- are, and 
humus, not umo, umus. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 1418 RIBBECK, Prol. zx Verg. 
p- 422. Hor. Carm. III, 2, 24; Ars, 110, al. (KELLER, 
vol. I, p. 259). 














94 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





humor, v. umor. 
Hyacinthus, 
hydra, 
Hylas, 
Hyllus, 
hymenaeus, 
Hymettus, 
hymnus, 
Hypnos, and the rest of Greek words beginning with v, 
retain the initial 2. 
BR. 284 sg. 


iis both a vowel and a consonant. See above, § 2. 

iacio in compounds. See above, § 20, II. 

-iamdudum, not iandudum. 

»  Cic. de Re p. II, 40, 67 (cf. OSANN, p. 236). RIB- 
BECK, Prol.in Verg. p. 430. Cf. Fahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 89, 
Pp. 834. 

Iberus,v. Hiberus. 

idcirco and iccirco. 

ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 26, § 1183 50, § rere 
idcirco, Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 2, 24, § 59. Hor. Serm. 
I,4,45; Epist. I, 1, 29, al. (HOLDER-KELLER). 

idem. See above, § 18, II. 

identidem. Seeabove, § 9, II. 

idyllium, v. edyllium. 

iecur, not iecor, iocur; regular Genitive, iecoris 
(collateral forms, iocineris, iecineris, iocinoris). 

Br. 105. Cf. RIBBECK, Pro/. ix Verg. p. 437. RITSCHL, 
Opusc. II, 443. NEUE, Lat. Formenti. I, 581. 

Ilerda, not Hilerda. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX, 95 





Corp. Ins. Lat. Il, p. 752. Hor. Epist. I, 20, 13 
(KELLER). 
ilico, not illico. 
Sall. Iug. 108, 2 (DIETSCH). Cf. RITSCHL on Plautus, 
Trin. 608. 
Illyrii, lyricus, not Hillyr-. 
Br. 314. Acta Triumph. ann. 526, Corp. Ins. Lat. 
I, p. 458; II, p. 752, al. Inlyrico, Fast. Antiat. Aug. 
3 (Corp. Ins. Lat. J, p. 328) is probably a mistake of the 
stone-mason. 
Ilotae, v. Hilotae. 
imb-, not inb-, incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 7. 
imbecillus, not imbecillis. 

MADvic on Cic. de Fin. V, 24, 71. 
imm-, not inm-, incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 7. 
immo, not imo. 

OSANN on Cic. de Re p. VI, 14, 14. ELLENDT on 

Cic. de Or. IT, 63, § 256. 
_ E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 3, 20 (HOLDER). RIBBECK, far- 
tikel, 6. 
imp-, not inp-, incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 7. 
inclitus and inclutus, not inclytus. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 452. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 
197, inclitum (HOLDER). Cf. linter. 
incoho and (not so good) inchoo, not incoo. 
Br. 291, 293. OSANN (p. 111) on Cic. de Re p. I, 35, 
55- RIBBECK, Prol. zx Verg. p. 122. Hor. Carm. I, 
4, 15 (KELLER). 
incolumis, not incolomis. 
E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 4, 98, 119.(HOLDER). Tac. Ann. 
I, 18, al 














96 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





increbresco, not increbesco, wu percrebresco. 
Hor. Serm. II, 5, 93 (HOLDER). 


incusare,not incussare. Cf. causaand see above, 
§ I0. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 445. 
indutiae, not induciae. 
FL. 19. Cod. Veron. Livii, 1V, 35,23 V; 32, 5- 
infitiae, infitiatio, infitiator, infitior, not infic-. 
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 25, § 105; e. g. Quintil. 
XII, 10, 74 (HALM). 


ingratis and ingratiis. 

ingratis, Cod. Vat. Cic. in Verr. II, 4, 9, § 19 ; ingratiis, 
Cic. pro Tullio, § 5 (BEIER, p. 12). Codd. Nepotis, 
Them. 4, 4 (except JZ., which gives ingrati), where HALM 
reads ingratiis. Cf. RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 603. NEUE, 
Lat. Forment. II, 672. 

inicio, better than iniicio. See above, § 20, II. 

inl-, better than ill-,in compounds. See above, § 20, 
bs is 

in primis, inprimis, imprimis. 

ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 40, § 184; III, 5, § 17; 
and vol. II, p. 214. Cic. de Re p. I, 15, 23. Corp. Lis. 
Lat. II, 1282, 9. 

inr- andirr- in compounds, e. g. inriguus, irriguus. See 
above, § 20, I, 7. . 
insumo, insumpsi, like sumo. 
intellegentia, not intelligentia. 
Cic. de Re p. IV, 1, 1-(OSANN, p. 312). 
intellego, not intelligo. 
Br. 145. FL. 19. Cf. DieTscH on Sall., vol. II, p. 248. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 97 





ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 3, § 12, al. Hor. Epist. I, 9, 
1 (KELLER). 
intemptatus, cf. tento, tempto. 
| Hor. Carm. I, 5,13 ; Ars, 285 (KELLER). 
interemptio, not interemtio. 
Cf. interimo. 
interimo, interemi, interemptum, not interemo, 
interemtum. 

Br. 305. Rippeck, Prol. iz Verg. p. 416. HOLDER 
on Hor. Serm. II, 3, 131. See emo. 

internecio, better than internicio. 

internecio, Sall. Zp. Pompei ad Sen. 9. Cic. ad Att. 
IT, 20,.3.. Liv. IX, 26, 3, al. Curt. IV, 11, 18. (Her- 
DICKE). Priscian, 1V, 8 (HERTZ, I, p. 122, 3). interni- 
cio, Nepos, Eum. 3. Cf. Tac. Ann. II, 21. 

intibus, intibum (“succory’), not intub-,intyb-. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 176. 

intimus, not the archaic intumus. 
Br. 108, 111. See above, § 17, I: 

inverto, not invorto. 

Cf. verto. invorto, Verg. Georg. I, 65 (RIBBECK, Pro/. 
in Verg. p. 436). Cf. the examples in Hor. (ed. KELLER- 
HOLpDER, I, p. 263; II, p. 419). 

inunguo, like unguo, not inungo. 
Hor. Epist. I, 1, 29 (KELLER). 
ircus, wv hircus. 
Irpini, v. Hirpini. 
is (declinable). See above, § 18, II. 
Ister, Istria, v. Hister, Histria. 
iucundus, not iocundus. 
Cic. Verr. II, 1, 43, § 112 (Cod. Vat). Cic. de Fin. I, 





7 











98 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





4,14. OSANN (p. 7) on Cic. de Re p.I,1, 1. Sall. lug, 
85, 41 (DIETSCH). RIBBECK, rol. in Verg. p. 437. 
Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 263 ; II, p.420). Corp. 
Ins. Lat. I, pp. 1008, 1038, and frequently. 
Iudaea, not Iudea. 
BR. 330. 
iugulus, not iuglus. 
BR. 130. 
iuniperus, not iunipirus. 
Br. 142. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. sie 
Iuppiter, better than Iupiter. | 
Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, ‘p. 263; II, p. 420). 
Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 19, 10; 61, 5; V, 50, 4. Cf. 
CorssEN, Ausspr. I*, p. 211. | 
ius, Dative iuri; but in the formula iure dicundo, 
the Dative, as late as the Empire, still kept the old end- 
ing ¢, along with which juri dicundo is also found. 
Br. 325. Nerve, Lat. Formenl. I, 193. 
iuventus, not iventus. 
Analogous to iuvare. See above, § 4. iventus, Cod. 
Veron. Livii, III, 65, 5. 


K. 


K is an abbreviation for Kaput, “ Capital,” or “ Kaput 
legis” ; for Kaeso; forKalendae; for Kalum- 
nia. : 

For several other abbreviations, not generally used, 
see BR. 212, 210. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. iu Verg. p. 429. 
Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, II, p. 421). Cod. Vat. Ver- 
rin. II, 1, 42, § 109. uasti in the Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 


Pp. 301 sgg. 














. ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 99 





Kaeso and Caeso, wv K. 
Caeso, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 11, 6,9, al. 
Kalendae, better than Calendae. 

Br. 211. CALENDAE, fast. Praen. Ian. I, 2, 14. 

In abbreviating, K simply is to be employed (not Kal., 
which first becomes frequent after the time of Commo- 
dus). Cf. Cod. Veron. Livii, VI, 1, 11 ; for the contrary, 
see 26; 12.5 V¥; 0;.%. 

kalumnia, instead of calumnia, may be written in 
legal expressions. 

BR. 208 sqq. 

Kaput may be written, when signifying “capital” and 
“chapter ” (or “‘ paragraph’). 
Br. 212. The old commentator on Cic. pro Sextio 
writes “ kapite puniendos ” (MAI, Azct. Class. II, 144). 
Karthago and Carthago. See above, Carthago. 
BR. 211. 
OSANN (p. 430-432) on Cic. de Re p. 


L. 


labes. See above, § 15, 3. 
labor, lapsus, not labsus. 
BR. 243, 248. Cf. RIpBecK, Prol. in Verg. p. 390. 
lac and lacte, not lact. | 
Br. 256. Cf. RipBEcK, rol. in Verg. p. 430. 
RITSCHL, Ofzsc. II, 570 sgq. 
lacrima, not lacruma, lachrima, lachryma. 
Br. 118. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 34, § 157. 
Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 7, 11; VI, 3, 5. RIBBECK, Prol. 
in Verg.p.450. Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 264; 
II, p. 421). 














100 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. ° 





lacuna, not lucuna. 

On the occurrence of the umlauted form luc-, cf. R1s- 
BECK, Prol. in Verg. Pp. 430. 

lagoena and lagona, not lagena. 

Hor. Serm. II, 8, 41, 81; Epist. II, 2, 134 (HoLDER- 
KELLER). FL. 20. Sahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 93, p. 12. 

lamina, syncopated lamna, and lammina. 

E. g. Ov. Met. V, 173; XII, 488. Hor. Carm. II, 
2,2. lammina, Verg. Georg. I, 143 (RIBBECK, rol. 
in Verg. p. 430). 

lancea, not lancia. 
BR. 133. 
lanterna, better than laterna. 

BUCHELER and SCHMITZ, Rhetz. Mus. XVI, 3933 
XIX, 301. 

Laodicea, Aaodixera. See above, § 5, 2. 

E. g. Cic. Ep. Fam. XII, 15, 7. 

Acca Larentia, not Laurentia. 

Fast. Praen. Dec. 23 (= Corp. Jus. Lat. I, pp. 307, 
319, 409). BECKER-MARQUARDT, Yon. Alt. 1V, 408. 

lateralis, not lateraris. 

BR, 257. 

laterculus, better than latericulus. 

latericulus, Caes. B. Civ. II, 9 (DUBNER, II, p. 75, 4). 

laterculus was used as early as Plautus (Poen. I, 2, 115). 
latericius, not lateritius.. See above, §°6, 1. 
lavo, lautus, better than lotus. 

Br. 206; e.g. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 282 (HOLDER). 

lauretum and loretum. 

The latter form occurs in Fast. Vall. Aug. 13. 

lautumiae, not latomiae. 

For citations in regard to the Roman Lautumiae, see 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. Iol 





BECKER, Kom. Alt. I, pp. 262-269. Cf Fahkrb. fir 
Phil. vol. 91, p. 229. 
legitimus, not the more ancient legitumus. 
Br. 108, 315. See above, § 17, I. 


lepor and lepos; the first form is preferable. 
Br. 45, 277.. See above, § 15, 2 


letum, not lethum. 
E. g. Hor. Carm. I, 3, 33 (KELLER) ; Serm. II, 6, 95 
(EIOLDER). See zd. vol. I, p. 265. 


lévis, not laevis. 
E. g. Hor. Carm. I, 2, 38; 17, 12, al. (KELLER, vol. 
I, p. 264). 
libet, libens, not the older forms lubet, lubens. 
Br. 118. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 73, § 295. 
OSANN (p. 36) on Cic. de Re p. I, 9, 14.. Cod. Veron. 
Livii, V, 51, 2, libenter. For examples from Horace, 
see ed. KELLER-HOLDER, II, p. 423. 


libido, not lubido; like libet. 
Br. 83, 108 sg., 118. E.g. Hor. Serm. I, 2, 33, al. 
(HOLDER, II, p. 423). Cod. Veron. Livii, ITI, 44, 1, al. 


lilium, not lileum. 
BR. 136, 194. 
lingo, not linguo. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. lV, p. 243: 
linter and lunter, not lynter. 
BUCHELER, Rhein. Mus., XI, 297. FL. 20. Br. 124, 
126. Hor. Serm. I, 5, 20; Epist. I, 18, 61 (HOLDER: 
KELLER). 


linteum, not lintium. 
Br. 136. 














102 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Liris. See above,.§ 15, 4. 

lis is the prevailing form of classical times, but we may 
still employ the old form (stlis, not sclis) in the judicial 
phrase “ stlitibus iudicandis.”’ 

Ch Ba. Site: 

littera, better than litera. 

Cic. de Re p. I, 9,14. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 56, 13. 
Fragm. Pal. XCI, p.3 a. Corp. Ins. Lat. VV, 1891. (Cf. 
7b. I, p. 584.) HENZEN, Scazvz, pp. 65, 28; 70, 233 75, 
66; and besides in inscriptions. Cf. Rheiz. Alus. VII, 
229. 

litterula, like littera. 

Hor. Epist. II, 2, 7 (KELLER). 

litus, not littus. 

Cic. de Re p. I, 17, 29 (OSANN, p. 69). Verg. Aen. 
III, 75 (RIBBECK). Hor. Serm. II, 3, 205 (HOLDER). 
Quint. XII, 10,19 (HALM). HUBNER, Fakrd. fiir Phil. 
vol. 77, p. 363. 

locusta and lucusta. 

loc-, Varro, L. L., VII, 39. Mss. vary between the 
two forms ; e. g. in Pliny, where SILLIG writes locusta. 
The female poisoner of the first century is called Locusta 
in Tac. Ann. XII, 66; XIII, 15; Iuvenal, I, 71, P2tz., 
Cod. Vind. 107 (luc-, Schol. Paris. 7900). Lucusta in 
Sueton., Ner. 33 (ROTH). Aovxodcra, Dio, Epit. LXIV, 
3 4. 

loquela, not loquella. 

Br. 259. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 429. 

loquor, loquuntur, locutus. 

See above, § 6, II; § 19, I. 

lubet, wv. libet. 
lubido, w libido. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX, 103 





lucusta, v. locusta. 
lues, not luis. 

Br. 147. See above, § 15, 3. 
lunter, lynter, wv linter. 


maereo, not moereo. Cf. maeror, maestus. 
Cic. de Re p. II, 37, 63 (OSANN, p. 233). Hor. Carm. 
II, 4, 16; Epist. I, 14, 7, al. (KELLER, I, p. 267). 
maeror, not moeror. 
Hor. Ars, 110 (KELLER). Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 1202. 
Maesius, not Mesius. 
BR. 205. 
maestitia, not moestitia, v. maestus. 
Liv. III, 43, 7 (Cod. Veron.). 
maestus, not moestus. 
Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 43, 7. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. 
i, 47. 3 495: Her. ‘Carm, E,1, 13.5 366 }.etie< 4, 
33 5,933 Ars, 105 (KELLER-HOLDER). 
magno opere and magnopere. 
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 35, § 164; II, 77, § 310. 
OSANN (p. 34) on Cic. de Re p. I, 8, 13. 
Maia, not Maiia. 
Maiia, it is true, is based upon the pronunciation and 
occurs often enough, but the grammar discarded it. 
Br. 184 sg. See above, § 3, 2. 
malacisso, same as padakifw. 
Br. 281. 
maledictum and male dictum. 
maledicus, better than malidicus. 














104 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY, 





maleficus, better than malificus. 
malevolentia, better than malivolentia. 


malevolus, better than malivolus. 
The grammarians preferred the first form with -le-. 
Cf. beneficus, benevolus. Br. 179. ELLENDT on Cic. 
de Or. II, 17, § 72. Rirscui, Ofusc. Il, 562 sy. mali- 
volentia, Sall. Cat. 3,2; 12,1. Cf. malificia, 2b. 52, 4; 
Iug. 31, 28; malificus, Iug. 17, 6 (D1EeTscH). 
malo, malle, not mallo. 
Br. 262. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 429. 
manceps, mancipis, not the more ancient mancu- 
pis. So 
mancipium, not mancupium. 
BR. 122 sg. mancup-, however, is Augustan ; KELLER 
on Hor. Epist. I, 6, 39; II, 2, 159. Cf Serm. II, 7, 3 
(HOLDER). On the other hand, mancipiorum, Sall. lug. 
44, 5 (DIETSCH). 
manibiae and manubiae. 
BR. 109, 119 sgg¢. 
manifestus, not the archaic manufestus. 

Verg. Aen. III, 151 (RIBBECK). manufestus in Sal- 
lust ; e. g. Iug. 33, 4 (DIETSCH, and cf. vol. II, p. 269). 
manipretium and manupretium, together with manus 

pretium. 

Br. 111, Rem. (Marius Victorinus, ed, KEIL, pp. 10, 
25). manupr-, Cic. in Pis. 24, 57. Cf. Cic. in Verr. II, 
1, 56, § 147, where the Cod. Vat. gives manispraetium. 


manubiae, v. manibiae. 
manupretium, v. manipretium. 
Marcomani and (later) Marcomanni. 

-mani, Caes. B. G. I, 51. Tac. Ann. II,- 46, al. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 105 





Monum. Ancyr. VI, 3. -manni, Fast. Philocali, Tul. 30 
(= Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 346). Script. Hist. Aug., in many 
places. Analogous to Alamanii. 
maritimus, not maritumus. 
Br. 109. See above, § 17, I. 
marmor, not the very rare marmur; Genitive, mar- 
moris. 

Br. 84. 

Marsyas, not Marsuas. 

BR. 204. 

Masinissa and Massinissa. 

Masin-, Cic. de Re p. VI, 9,9; cf. on the passage, 
OSANN, p. 360. Sall. Iug. 5, al (DIETSCH). Mas-, Silius, 
XVI, 117. Mass-, Corp. Zus. Lat. I, 200, 81. 

materia and materies; inthe Plural, better to de- 
cline according to First Declension. 

Br. 76. Onthe Sing., see ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 
3, § Io. 

Mauretania, not Mauritania. 

Sall. Cat. 21, 3 (DIETscH). In inscriptions, e. g. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. II, 1120; Corp. Ins. Rh. 163. 

maximus, not maxumus. 

BR. 108 sgq., 321. See above, § 17, I. 


Megalensia and Megalesia. 
Br. 268. Megalensia, Fast. Praen., Apr. 4. 
membranaciusandmembranaceus, not mem- 
branatius. 
Br. 219. See above, § 6, I. 
mensor, not mesor. 
BR. 267. 
mercennarius, not mercenarius. 














106 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Hor. Serm. II, 6, 11; Epist. I, 7, 67 (HOLDER- 
KELLER). Cf. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 4,8. Quintil. XII, 
1,25. For the opposite, Cod. Vat. Verrin, II, 1, 43, 
§ 111 (ed. Tur. II, 1, pp. 163, 44965 cf. 2d. 5, 21, § 54, 
Dp. 307).. -Bis-20. ; 

Messalla, better than Messala. 

KELLER on Hor. Ars, 371. Cf. Serm. I, 10, 85 and 6, 
42 (HOLDER). 

Mettus and Mettius, not Metus, Metius 
(name of the Alban, cf. Liv. I, 23 59.). 

Mérros, Dionys. Cf. RITSCHL on Quint. I, 5, 12 in 

Rhein. Mus. XXtl,602. Verg. Aen. VIII, 642 (RIBBECK). 
Mezentius, not Mezzentius. 

Br. 281 sg. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 453. 

mille, Plur. milia, better than millia. 

Br. 260 sg. 332. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 13, 8; 20, 7, 
al.; V, 32,3. Sragm. Pal. XCI, p. 2, b.  millia, milli- 
arius also occur, and are supported by inscriptions as 
well as by Mss. Cf. RiBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 429. 
Hor. (ed. HoLpER-KELLER, II, p. 428). milliarium, 
Fast. Praen. Apr. 25; Fast. Amit. Tun. 24. 

millies and milies, better than milliens, miliens. 

Br. 269. See above, § 17, II. miliens, Cod. Veron. 

Livii, V, 4, 13. 
minimus, not minumus. 

Br. 109, 111. See above, § 17, I. 

misceo, mixtus, better than mistus. 

-xt-, Hor. (ed. KELLER-HoLDER). Verg. Aen. VII, 
661 (RIBBECK). Sall. Iug. 57, 5.. Cic. Tusc. V, 15, 45. 
Cf. admixtis, Cod.. Veron. Livii, III, 57, 9. permixtus, 
Verg. Aen. X, 238, where the Veronian palimpsest reads 
permis(tus). 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. Io7 





moles. See above, § 15, 3 
monumentum and monimentum, The first form is 
the more usual. 
Br. 108, 119. OSANN (p. 181) on Cic. de Re p. II, 
14, 26. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 10,6 (monum-). RIB- 
BECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 450. Hor. Carm. I, 2, 15; III, 
30, I (KELLER) ; Serm. I, 8, 13 (HOLDER). 
Mucius, not Mutius. } 
On the bad spelling (with the ¢) of Mss., see ELLENDT 
on Cic, de Or. I, 23, § 105; 25,§ 113. Cf. the Register 
of Names of the Corf. Zis. Lat. 
micus and muccus. 
Catull. 23,17. .muccus, Plaut. Most. 1109 (RITSCHL). 
mulectrum, not multrum. 
Hor. Epod. 16, 49 (KELLER). 
multa, not mulcta, | 
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, p. 586. Cf. OSANN (p. 171 sg.) on 
Cic. de Re p. II, 9, 16. 
multaticius. Seeabove, § 6, I. 
multo,-are, not mulcto. 
Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 67, 5. 
multotiens, better than multoties. 
Br. 269. See above, § 17, II. 
mundities, munditia, not mundicies,-cia. 
Hor. Carm. I, 5,5; Epist. II, 1, 159 (KELLER). Br. 
218. 
murena, not muraena. 
Hor. Serm. II, 8, 42 (HOLDER). 
murra is the Latin form for uipsa, not myrrha. 
E. g. Verg. Aen. XII, 100 (RIBBECK). So murreus, 
Hor. Carm. III, 14, 22 (KELLER). Fluor-spar is also 
called murra, not myrrha, murrha. ; 














108 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





murreus, v. murra. 
murtetum and myrtetum. 

Hor. Epist. I, 15, 5 (KELLER). Cf. Verg. Georg. II, 
112 (RIBBECK). 

myrrha, myrrheus, v murra. 
myrteus, vw myrtus. 
myrtum, not murtum. 

Br. 204. Cf. Verg. Georg. I, 306 (RIBBECK). 

myrtus, not murtus; so, myrteus. 

In the Augustan age, the genuine Latin spelling murt- 
was in a measure supplanted by the Greekish myrtus 
(uv¥pros), without the former being altogether discarded. 
Cf. Verg. Aen. VI, 443 (RIBBECK), and Prol. in Verg. 
P- 453: 


nae,v. ne. 
naenia, zv. nenia. 
namque, not nanque. 
Br. 265. E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 3, 36 (HOLDER), al. 
Cf. Corp. Ins. Lat. Il, 1293, 5. 
nanciscor, nactus, better than nanctus. 
Br. 270. Cic. de Re p. I, 9, 143; 10, 16 (OSANN, 
p- 43). Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 64,6. nanctus, rag. 
‘at. Sall. III b, 10 (Hermes, V, 404). RIBBECK, Prol. 
in Verge. p. 434.. Hor. Carm. III, 11, 41; Epist. I, 15, 
38 (KELLER). 
narratio, narrare, not naratio, narare. 
Br. 272. Cf. OSANN (p. 26) on Cic. de Re p. I, 4, 8. 
narus and (oftener) gnarus. 
Cicero, Or. 47, 158, regards narus as the true form. 
In Ciceronian Mss., gnarus is found. E. g. Cic. Or. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 10g 





4,14. Brut. 64, 228. Cf. OSANN (p. 297 sg.) on Cic, de 
Re p. IL, 35, 47: Be 272... 
natus, vu gnatus. 
naviter, v.navus. 
nausea and nausia. 
KELLER on Hor. Epod. 9, 35. 
navus, better than the older form gnavus. 

Hor. Epist. I, 1, 24; 6, 20; 18,90 (KELLER). OSANN 
(p. 298) on Cic. de Re p. III, 35, 47. 

ne, particle of affirmation, not nae. 

Lambinus, as early as his day, observed : “ omnes libri 
veteres habent hanc particulam sine diphthongo scrip- 
tam.’”? — Cic. ed. Tur. (2d), II, 2, p. 1173 (BAITER). 

neglegentia, not negligentia; 
neglego, not negligo; neglego better than nec- 
lego. 

Br. 145, 214. FL. 19. OSANN (p. 312) on Cic. de Re 
p-1V, 1,1. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 12, 7; 22, 43 .V, 8, 
2; 46,33 51, 4,7: 

negotior, negotiator, not negocior; 
negotium, not negocium; like otium. 

E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 44, 5; 51, 10; V, 8, 3. 
Cic. de Re p. I, 18, 30. Corp. Zis. Lat. 1, p. 587. 

nemorensis, better than nemoresis. 

BR. 332- 

nenia, not naenia. de 

Hor. Carm. II, 1, 38; 20, 21; III, 28, 16; Epod. 17, 

29; Epist. I, 1,63 (KELLER). Cic. de Leg. II, 64, 62. 
nequiquam, better than nequicquam (which is also cor- 
rect). 

RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 436. Hor. Carm. I, 3, 215 














IIo LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





15, 13 and 16, where KELLER writes nequiquam. Cf. 
Serm. II, 7, 27; Epist. I, 3, 32 (HOLDER-KELLER). 
Sall. Cat. 20, 2, nequiquam (DIETSCH; cf. also vol. II, 
p. 284). Cod. Veron. Livii has nequiquam, IV, 25,8; 55, 
5, 8; 56, 10; V, 6,10; 7, 3; but necquic(quam), IV, 
12, 3; 25, 9. Cf. NEuE, Lat. Formenl. II, 642 sg. 
RITSCHL, Weue Plaut. Excurse, 1, 57 sq. 

ningo, not ningwuo. 

BR. 129. 

nitor, nisus and nixus. 

Priscian considers nisus as regular, but allows nixus ~ 
also in X, 48 (HERTz, I, p. 537; cf. IX, 18, I, p. 461). 
Diomedes insists on nisus ; “ sed veteres (e. g. Vergilius) 
immutantes nixus declinant.” He distinguishes between 
enisus, “to strive,” and enixus, “to bear,” “to bring 
forth” (as children, etc.). nixus, e. g. Cic. in Verr. 
II, 5, 33, § 86, = Quintil. IX, 4, 104. Verg. Aen, X, 
736; XII, 398. The substantive has likewise both 
forms; nisus, Cic. de Deor. Nat. II, 45, 117; nixus, 
Verg. Georg. IV, 199. -x- and -s-, Aen. III, 37 (Ri- 
BECK). . 

nomisma, not numisma (vdmoua). 

Hor. Epist. II, 1, 234 (KELLER). 

nongenti, not noncenti. 

BR. 214. 

nonnunquam, like nunquam. 
nosco, not the archaic gnosco. 
novendialis and novemdialis. 

KELLER on Hor. Epod. 17, 48. 

Novensides and Novensiles. 
BR. 250 sg. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. III 





novicius. See above, § 6, I. 
nubes, not nubis in the Nom. Sing. 
Br. 147, 149. See above, § 15, 3 
nubo, nupsi, nuptum. 
BR. 243, 247. See above, § 7, I, 3. 
nummus, not numus. 
Hor. Serm. I, 1, 67, 73, 963; 2, 133, al. (HOLDER, 
II, p. 434). Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 52,§ 137. FL. 21. 
nuncius, v. nuntius. 
nunquam and numquam. 
~ Both forms were used ; the first was preferred in the 
grammar of the Empire. Br. 264 sg. Cf. ELLENDT on 
Cic. de Or. I, 4, § 13. The Cod. Vat. Cic. de Re p. has 
numquam (see OSANN, p. 141); also the Cod. Veron, 
Livii, III, 63, 9. Hor. ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 274 ; 
II, p. 434- 
nunquis, numquis (like nunquam), or num 
quis. 
Br. 265. .E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 2,69; 4, 136; 9, 6 
(HOLDER). 
nuntio, not nuncio. 
nuntius, not nuncius, 
2 Cic. de Re p. I, 10, 15. Cod. Veron: Livii, III, 38, 4. 
Hor. Carm. I, 10, 6,al. (KELLER). FL. 21. Corp. /us. 
Lat. I, p. 587. 


QO. 


obedio, v. oboedio. 


obedo, obesus, better than obéssus. 
The last form is found in Vergilian. Mss. (Ripakex: 














I12 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





Prol. in Verg. p. 445). Cf. Hor. Epod. 12, 3; Epist. I, 
15, 40 (KELLER). : 
obicio, betterthan obiicio. See above, § 20, II. 
obliquus. See above, § 4. 
oboedio, not obedio. 
Cic. de Re p. III, 19, 41 (OSANN, p. 291). Sall. Cat. 
I, 1 (DIETSCH). Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 26, 12; V, 3, 8. 
FL: 22. 
obp-, vu oppeto. 
obscenus, better than obscaenus; notobscoenus. 
The original form was obscaenus ; it is derived from 
ob(s) and caenum (‘filth’’). ‘‘obscenus ab obs et 
canendo vel caeno vel amd rod xowod, unde inquino” 
(Priscian, IX, 54 = HeErTz, I, p. 489). The Varronian 
derivative, obscaena (de L. L., VII, 96),also favors the 
aé. But the weakening of ae into e occurred in obscae- 
nus as in caenum, and in the former word this took place 
earlier and was more general (see caenum, above). Rhein. 
Mus. I, 445 (new series). Horatian Mss. invariably have 
obscenus. Epod.5, 98; Serm. I, 2, 26; 8, 5; Epist. 
II, 1, 127 (KELLER-HOLDER). So, Verg. Georg. I, 
470; Aen. 1V,455 (RIBBECK). Tac. Ann. XV, 37. Cf. 
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 59, § 242. 
obscurus, not opscurus. 
See above, § 7, I, 2. 
observo, like obscurus. 
obses, like obscurus. 
opses, BR. 331. 
obsideo, like obscurus. 
opsideo, Br. 305, Rem. 
obsidio, v. obsideo. 
opsidio, BR. 305, Rem. and 331. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. II3 





obsonium and opsonium (éydnor). 
obsonare (-ari) and opsonari (dpwveir). 
Hor. Serm. I, 2,9; II, 2; 41; 7, 106 (HOLDER, who 
prefers obs-). 
obstipesco, obstipui, better than obstupesco. 
obstip-, RIBBECK, Prol. iz Verg. pp. 451, 390 (Aen. 
II, 774; V, 404). There is manuscript authority for z 
and win Cic. de Div. II, 23, 50, where obstup- is given 
by Codd. Voss. 86; Vindob: 182 (corrected reading). ob- 
stup-, Cic. ad Att. V, 21, 7. 
obsto, not opsto. 
Br. 244,296. See above, § 7, I, 2. 
obtempero, not optempero. 
BR. 295 5q.5 333. See above; § 7,1,2. opt-, Cod. Vat. 
Verrin. II, 1, 47, § 124. 
obtineo, not optineo. 
Br. 247. See above, § 7, I, 2 (cf. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 
p. 588). 
odiosus, not odiossus. 
Br. 275. Cf. formosus, and see above, § 9, III. 
odor, not odos. 
Cf. BR. 109. 
offero, obtuli, not optuli. See above, § 7, I, 2 
olitor, v. holitor. 
olus,v. holus. 
onero (“to load”), not honero; like onus, onus- 
tus. ' 
Hor. Serm. I, 10, 10; Epist. I, 18, 46 (HOLDER- 
KELLER). 
onus, not honus; like onustus. 
Hor. Carm. I, 9, 2; Serm. I, 6, 99, 106; 9, 21, al. 





8 


— 











II4 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





(KELLER-HOLDER). Cf. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 2, 55, 
§ 138. Gellius, II, 3. 
onustus, not honustus. . 

Verg. Aen. I, 289 (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421). 
Hor. Serm. I, 1, 47; II, 2, 77; Epist. I, 7, 18 (HOLDER- 
KELLER). Cf. onus. 

opilio, better than upilio. 
Br. 86 sg. Cf. R1BBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 437. 
oppeto, oppono, and COMP OGRES of like kind, not 
obp- 
See dhvee: § 20, I, 8. 
optimus, not the more ancient optumus. 

Br. 108, 116, 321. 

Orcus, not Orchus. | 

BR. 288, 292. Cf. Hor. Carm. I, 28, 10, al. (KELLER, 
vol. I, p. 275). 

ordeum, w hordeum. 
Orichalcum (“yellow copper ”), not aurichalcum. 

Verg. Aen. XII, 87. Hor. Ars, 202. Cicero wrote 
orichalcum (De Off. III, 23, 92). Plautus (Mil. 660, Ps. 
688, ed. RITSCHL) and late Latinists have the form auri- 
chalcum with a play upon aurum. Cf. OSANN (p. 279) 
on Cic. de Re p. III, 19, 29. 

ostium, not osteum. 
Br. 136. 
Otho, not Oto. 

Br. 287, 290. Hor. Epod. 4, 16 (KELLER). 

otiari, like otium. 

Hor. Serm. I, 6, 128 (HOLDER). Cf. otium. 

otiosus, 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. I1t5 





otium, not ocium, ociosus. 
Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 30, 1; 31, 1, al. Cic. de Re p. 
I, 1,153 4, 7, al. Hor. (ed. KELLER-HOLDRR, I, p. 275, 
al.). FL. 23. 


P. 


paedor, paedidus, better than ped-. 
FLECKEISEN, Fahro. fur Phil. vol. 83, p. 574- 


paelex, better than pelex; not pellex. 

Hor. Carm. III, 10, 15; 27, 66. Epod. 3, 133 5, 70 
(KELLER), Quintil. III, 10, 6 (HALM). Cf. BR. 205 
‘sqg., 263. paelicatus, Cic. pro Scauro, 6 (Cod. Améros., 
Auct. Class. II, 292). FL. 23. 

Paeligni, not Peligni. 

Hor. Carm. III, 19,8; Epod. 17, 60 (KELLER). HALM 
on Cic. in Vatin. ed. 2, Tur. II, 2, p.999. Cf. BR. 206. 
FL. 24. Jahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 85, p. 110. 

paene, not pene nor poene. 

Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, 1009. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 3, 
S10. Citic. de’ Re p. I; 4,-7.3. 7;-12 5 15, 23.3 Th 26.35 
(OSANN, p. 193). Hor. Carm. II, 13, 21 al.; Serm. I, 2, 
101; 5, 72; Epist. I, 10, 3 al. (HoLpER-KELLER). 

paenitet, not poenitet. 

OSANN (p. 302) on Cic. de Re p. ITI, 35, 4. MAI on 
Cic. pro Tullio, 7 (Auct. Class. II, p. 338). Hor. Carm. 
III, 24, 50; Epod. 11, 8 (KELLER); Serm. I, 2, 77; 6, 
89 (HOLDER). pen-, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 67, 5; IV, 
58, 10; V, 27, 14. 

paenula, not penula. 
Hor. Epist. I, 11,18 (KELLER) FL. 24. Cf. BR. 205 


Sq. 














116 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





paenulatus, paenularius, like paenula. 
paetus, not petus. 
Hor. Serm. I, 3, 45 (HOLDER). So also the proper 
name, e. g. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 258. 
Palilia, 7. Faritias 
pallium, not palleum. 
BR. 136 sg., 193 sg. 
palumbes, better than palumbis in the Nomin. Sing. 
Br. 147, 148. See above, § 15, 3. 
pando, pandi, passum, not pansum. 
Br. 268. E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 8, 24 (HOLDER). 
Panhormus, Panhormitani, better than Panor- 
mus. 
SCHNEIDER, Gramm. I, 192. Cic. in Verr. II, 2, 26, 
§ 63 (ZUMPT) ; 49, § 120 al. 
Parilia and Palilia. 
The first form was preferred in the grammar of the 
Empire. Br. 258. 
Parnasus, Parnasius, not Parnass-. 
RIBBECK, rol. in Verg. p. 444. 
parricida, parricidium, better than the old form pari- 
cida, paricidum; not patricid-. 
-rr-, Hor. Carm. III, 29, 8(KELLER). Cic. pro Mil. 7, 
17; pro S. Rosc. 25, 70; in Verr. II, 5, 66, § 169; pro 
Sest. 52, 111, al. Quintil. VII, 2, 2. Priseian, I, 33 | 
(= Hertz, I, p. 26), explicitly attests the 7». The form 
paricida is archaic; cf. Festus Pauli, s. v. parrici(di) 
quaestores (MULLER, p. 221). paricida, Sall. Cat. 14, 3 ; 
31,83 51, 25; 52,31; Hist. II, 41, 3 (Dretscu). Cf. 
OR. 5497. 
parvulus, not parvolus. See above, § 4. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. Iil7 





patricius, not patritius. 
Br. 218 sg. See above, § 6, I. 


paulatim, like paulus. 
RIBBECK, Lrol. in Verg. p. 429. Hor. Epist. II, 1, 46; 
2, 164 (KELLER). 
paulisper, like paulus. 


Paullus and (less good) Paulus (proper name). 

Bee” 262, 392, CL tor Carm. 1-82) 36s ive tre 

(KELLER). 

paululum, like paulus. 

paulus was preferred in the grammars to paullus, 
which is also theoretically correct. 

Br. 262. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 429. Hor. (ed. 
HoLpDER-KELLER, I, p. 277; II, p. 439). Cic. de Or. I. 
14, § 61; 22, § 99; II, 34, § 150 al. (ELLENDT). Cod. 
Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 46, § 120. The Cod. Veron. Livii has 
paulus. 

pedetentim and pedetemptim. 

Analogous to tentare, temptare. Cf, ELLENDT on Cic. 
de Or. I, 21, § 97. Cornif. ad Herenn. I, 6, 9 (KAYSER, 
p- 10,1). Quintil. V, 7, 20 (HALM). 

pedisequus, not pedissequus. 

Br. 95. Cic. de Or. I, 55, § 236 (ELLENDT). 

peiero, better than peiuro, not periuro. 

Hor. Serm. II, 3, 127 (HOLDER); cf. peiero, e. g. 
Carm. II, 8, 1 (KELLER). On periero, see Fahrb. fir 
Phil. vol. 91, p. 227. 

peiurus, vw periurus. 
pelex, pellex, w~ paelex. 
Peligni, vw Paeligni. 














118 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





penarius (from penus), not pinarius. 
BR. 141. 
pene, v. paene. 
“pennas avium (‘feathers, wings’), pinnas muro- 
rum (‘pinnacles, battlements’) dicimus.”’ 

This dictum of the old grammar we have to retain, 
although the distinction is neither etymologically sound, 
nor is it always practically true. Cf. bipennis. Quintil. I, 
4,12. Br.142 5g. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 441 59. ; 
particularly, Aen. VI, 15. pinna is preferred by KELLER, 
Hor. Epist. I, 20, 21; II, 2,50; and in Carm. IT, 2, 7 al. 
(vol. I, p. 278.). Corp. Lns. Lat. 1, 1463. 

penula, v. paenula. 

penuriaj not paenuria. 

- Hor. Serm. I, 1, 98 (HOLDER). Monum. Ancyr. I, 33. 

. paenuria, Sall. Iug. 48, 4 (Cod. Par. Sorb. 500; DIETSCH, 
vol. II, p. 298). 

percontatio and percontator, not percunctatio. 

See percontor. 

Cic. de Or. II, 80, § 327 (ELLENDT). Hor. Epist. I, 
18, 69 (KELLER). 

percontor, better than percunctor. 

Cic. de Or. I, 21, § 97 al. (ELLENDT). Sall. Cat. 4o, 
2(DietscH). Hor. Serm. I, 6,112, al. ( FIOLDER, vol. II, 
p. 440). (per)cunctatus, Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 32,8. 
Rhein. Mus. VIII, 226. 

percrebresco, not percrebesco. 

Cod. Vat. Cic. Verr. II, 2, 23, § 56 (after HALM, 2d 
ed. Tur. II, 1, p. 454). Cf. Zumpr on Cic, Divin. 4, 12. 

peredo, peresus, better thanperessus. 

Like adedo, obedo. i 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. IIg 





peregre and peregri; the latter only in the signification, 
* abroad.” 

RIBBECK, fartzkel, p. 2. BUCHELER, hein. Mus. 

XV, 444. 
perennis, not peremnis. 

Cic..de Re p. VI, 23, 25 (OSANN, p. 406). 

periuro, v. peiero. 
periurus and peiurus. 

Hor.t-Carm. 1, 35,265 11,23, 275 30345 24.559 
(KELLER); Serm. II, 3, 164; 5,15 (HOLDER). hein. 
Mus. X XI, 588. 

perlego, not pellego nor pelligo. 

Assimilation occurs, so too does the umlaut (pelligo), 
but we must regard perlego as the regular form of im- 
perial times. Br. 145: Cf. Verg. Aen. VI, 34 (RIB- 
BECK). Corp. /ns. Lat. I, p. 589. 

perluceo, not pelluc-. Like perlego. 
pernicies, not pernities, nor perneécies. 

Cf. Sall. Cat. 18, 7(DIETSCH). Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 
one bor, Carm.: E13, 45" Efh 6, 46 3 Seman 774 
130; Epist. I, 15,31 (HOLDER-KELLER). 

pertaesus, not pertisus. 

E. g. Livy, III, 67,7 (Cod. Veron.). 

pessimus, not the more ancient pessumus. 
Br. 118. 
petorritum, not petoritum. 

Hor. Serm. I, 6, 104; Epist. II, 1, 192 (HOLDER- 

KELLER). Cf. Jahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 93, p. 167. 
Phraates, Phrates, and Phrahates. 

Phraates, Hor. Epist. I, 12,27 (KELLER). Phrahates, 

Carm. II, 2,17 (2.). Phrates, Monum. Ancyr. 














120 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





pigneraticius, not -itius. 

Br. 219. See above, § 6, I. 

pignus, Gen. pignoris and pigneris. 

Br. 104. Cf. Cic. de Or. ITI, 1,§ 4 (ELLEND?r). pig- 
nora Augustus, AZonum. Ancyr. VI, 5. 

pilleus, pillewm, not pileus, pileum. 
FL. 25. Cf. pilleolus. 
pilleolus, not pileolus. 

Hor. Epist. I, 13, 15 (KELLER). Cf. pilleus. 
pinna, v. penna. 
plausor, better than plosor. 

Hor. Epist. II, 2, 130. The reading varies in the Ars, 
154 (KELLER). | 

- plaustrum, not plostrum. 

Br. 206. Cic, in Verr. I, 20, 53 (ZUMPT). Cod. Veron, 
Livii, V, 40, 9. plostra, Hor. Serm. I, 6, 42 (HOLDER, 
in loc.). Corp. Znus. Lat. 1, p. 590. 

plebeius, Gen. plebei, better than ple beii; Nom. 
Plur. plebei, Dat. and Abl. plebeis, better than ple- 
beii, plebeiis. 

E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 25, 113; 56,3; V, 2, 13. 
See above, § 14, 2. 

plebes, collateral form of plebs, not plebis in the 
Nom. Sing. 

Br. 147, 148. E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 18, 11. 

plebs, not pleps. 

Br. 242, 246, 331. Cf. Hor. Epist. I, 1, 59 (KELLER). 
Cod. Veron. Liviireads plebs, III, 21, 4; 29, 8 al ; pleps, 
IV, 7,33 54,8. 

poenio, vw punire. 
poenitet, v. paenitet. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. I2I 





polenta, not pulenta. 

Br. 82. 
Pollio, better than Polio. 

Br. 260. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. iz Verg. p. 429. Hor. 
_ Carm. IT, 1, 14 (KELLER) ; Serm. I, 10, 42, 85 (HOLDER). 
Polycletus and Polyclitus. 

OTTo as quoted by OSANN (p. 467 sg.) on Cic. de Re p. 
See above, § 5, 2. 

pomeridianus, vw postmeridianus. 
pomerium, not pomoerium. 

Br. 330. Cf. RITSCHL, Ofzsc. II, 551 Rem. Cod. 
Veron. Livii, V, 52, 15. 

Pomptinus, not Pontinus. 
Cic. de Or, II, 71, § 290 (ELLENDT). Cf. the names 
of the tribes in inscriptions. 
pontifex, not the older form pontufex. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 590. 
Poplicola, wv. Publicola. 
Porcius, not Portius. 

Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, p. 590. See above, § 6, I. 

porphyreticus, not purpureticus. 

Br. 204. The latter is formed after the analogy of the 
common word purpura = wopdipa. Cf. KELLER on Hor. 
Carm. IV, 1, 10. FLECKEISEN, Fahrd. fiir Phil. vol. 93, 
lige 3 2 

Porsenna and Porsena, with the collateral form 
Porsinna, Porsina. 

Porsenna, Verg. Aen. VIII, 646 (RIBBECK). Florus, 
I, 4,10 (HALM). Porséna, Hor. Epod. 16, 4 (KELLER) ; 
cf. LACHMANN, iz Lucr. p. 37. On Porsinna and Por- 
sina, cf. WEISSENBORN, Liv. II, 9. 














122 kee LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. . 





Portunus, not Portumnus. 
fast. Vall., Amit. August. 17 (three times). 


postmeridianus and posmeridianus. 
On the first form, see ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. III, 5, 
§ 17; on the second, RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 549 (on Cic. 
Or. 47,157). On pomeridianus,vwv. post meri- 
diem. 


post meridiem, not the apocopated po meridiem. 
The latter form is mentioned by Quintilian (IX, 4, 39) 
as a peculiarity of an older date. -But Quintilian makes 
no reference to the passage in Cic. de Or. 47, 157, and his 
language cannot, therefore, be regarded as establishing 
a Ciceronian pomeridianus instead of postmeridianus 
(or posmeridianus). 


postquam, not posquam. 
On the form posquam, see RITSCHL, Ofzsc. II, 548 
sqqg., 772. Hor. Epist. I, 10, 37 (KELLER) ; cf. HOLDER 
on Serm. ITI, 3, 18, 171. 


praeco, not praecho. 
Br. 282. 


praegnans and praegnas, Gen. praegnantis. 
Verg. Aen. VII, 320; X, 7o4 (RIBBECK). Hor. 
Carm. III. 27, 2 (KELLER). 
praesaepis, praesaepia, better than praesep-. 
Cf. saepio. FL. 28. RiIBBECcK, Prol. in Verg. p. 446. 
Hor. Epist. I, 15, 28 (KELLER). 
praestolor, not praestulor. 
Br. 79. 


praesum, praeest, praeeram, praeessem, praeero,- 
not praest, etc. 








OF Tre 


( UNIVERsrry | 








VF ‘ 
ORTHOGRAPHICAL IN 








Like desum. Br. 325. Cf. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 51, 

2,4, 10; V, 8,9, 12al. Fast. Praen., April. 28. 
praeverto, not praevorto. Like verto. 
prehendo and prendo. 

BR. 286 sg. 

prelum, not praelum. 

Hor. Carm. I, 20,9. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 385 

SJ 
prétium, not precium nor praetium. 

Br. 328 (cf. 207). Hor. Serm. I, 2, 37 al. (HOLDER). 
Mat, Auct. Class. II, pp. 393, 399- 

privilegium, not primilegium. 

Br. 266. 

pro (Interjection), not proh. 

Hor. Carm. III, 5, 7 (KELLER). 

proelium, not praelium. 

Cf. Hor. Serm. II, 7, 98 al. (HOLDER). Cod. Veron. 
Livii, III, 61, 12; 62, 6 al.: on the contrary, 2d. 61, 2. 
Fast. Cap., ann. 536. — Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, p. 435. Monum. 
MMEYT IN, ASS 

proicio, better than pro iicio (see above, § 20, II). 

Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 591. 

proles, not prolis in Nom. Sing. 
Br. 147. See above, § 15, 3. 
promiscue, not promisce. 

Br. 129 sg. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. III, 19, § 72. 

promo, prompsi, promptum. 

Br. 248. ' E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 22, 1; V, 3, I. 

promunturium, not promontorium. 

BRAMBACH, Rhein. Mus. XXIV, 536 sg. 

pronuntiare, like nuntiare. 

Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 15, § 66. 











124 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





‘| prooemium, not prohoemium nor prohemium. 





Cic. Verrin. II, 1, 43 § 111. Quintil. 1V, 1,2 (HaALM): 
“prohoemium A(mébros.) Blamb. and Sern.) ut fere 
semper.” Quintilian derives the word from otu7 or ofos. 
Cf. BR. 207. | 

prorsus, not the old forms prorsum, prosum. 

Cf. rursus. RiTscHL, Ofusc. II, 263. prosus, Quin- 
til. XII, 10, 38 (H ALM). Br. 273. 

proscaenium, not proscenium. 
Like scaena (RIBBECK, Prol. ix Verg. p. 387). Corp. 
Ins. Lat. II, 183. 
protinus, better than protenus. 
Br. 141-143. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 43, 7. Cf. Ris- 
ECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 442. Hor. Carm. IIT, 3, 30; 
serm. II, 5, 21; Epist. I, 12, 8; 18, 67 (HOLDER- 
KELLER). Quintil. IV, 3, 5 (HALM). On protenus, z. 
RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 245. 
provincia, not provintia. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 591. 
proximus, not the more ancient proxumus. 
Br. 108 sg. Cf. 2b. 126, 280, 315. 
ptisanarium, w tisanarium. 
Ptolomaeus, Ptolomais is the Latin form for IITo\e- 
patos, IIroNenais. 

Cf. Br. 105. FLECKEISEN, Yahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 93, 
pp- 4, 5, 244; 2. vol. 95, pp. 22, 750. In careless pro- 
nunciation and in plebeian Latin, the P also fell away 
(Tolomaeus). Cf. tisanarium. 

pubes, better than pubis in the Nom. Sing. 

Br. 146, 149. See above, § 15, 3. 

Publicola; the older forms are Poplicola, Pupli- 
cola. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 125 





Cf. OSANN (p. 217) on Cic. de Re p. II, 31, 53. Publ-, 
Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 8, 2; VI, 1, 8 (cf. publicus). 
Pupl-, Hor. Serm. I, 10, 28 (HOLDER). 

publicus, not the archaic forms poplicus, pu- 
plicus. 

Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p.591. Cf. e. g. Cornif. ad Herenn. 
I, 12, 22 (KAYSER, p. 20, I). 

pulcher, not pulcer. 

Br. 287 sgg. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 424. Hor. 
(ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 282; II, p. 446). Cod. 
Veron. Livii, V, 27, 12. 

pulenta, vw. polenta. 
punire, not the archaic poenire. 

Cf. OSANN (p. 262) on Cic. de Re p. III, 9, 15. 

purpura, v. porphyreticus. 
putesco and putresco. 

Hor. Serm. II, 3, 119, 194 (HOLDER). Cic. de Fin, 
V, 13, 38 (MADVIG). 

Pythagoreéus, not Pythagoraeus; more modern is 
Pythagorius. 

Cic. de Re p. I, 10, 16 (OSANN, p. 466). Cf. above, 

os. 2, 


Q. 


Q. as an abbreviation, stands for the praenomen Quintus, 
which in republican times was spelled Quinctus. 
Like Quinctia, Quinctilis, etc. 
' quadriduum, not quatriduum. 
FL. 25. (RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 265.) E. g. Sall. Iug. 
54,1 (DiETscH). On the contrary, Fronto (ed. NABER, 
p. 281). 














126 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





quadrupedans, 
quadrupes, and 
quadripedans, quadripes. 

RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 450. 

quaero, quaeSivi, quaesiisti, 
“quaesisti, etc. See above, § 19, II. 
qualiscumque, like quicumque. 
quamquam and quanquam. 

Br. 263, 265. Corp. Jus. Lat. II, 1359, 8. quamgq-, 
Cod. Vat. Cic. de Re p. I, 4, 7; 44, 68 (OSANN, p. 141). 
Cod. Veron. Livii, 1V, 12,8 al. Cf. Hor. Serm. I, 1, 24; 
II, 1, 23; 2,41; Epist. II, 1, 124 (HOLDER-KELLER — 
cf. vol. I, p. 282). | 

quanto opere and quantopere. 

ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 35, § 164. OSANN on Cic. 
de Re p. I, 8, 13; and see above, magnopere. 

quatenus and quatinus. 

Br. 141, 143. The manuscript readings in Horace 
rather favor quatenus (Serm. I, 1, 64; 3, 76; II, 4, 57; 
Carm. III, 24, 30 — KELLER-HOLDER). 


quattuor, better than quatuor. 

Br. 332. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 83, § 339. 
Fragm. Vat. Sall. Hist. I a, 20. OSANN (p. 258) on Cic. 
de Re p. III, 8, 12. Mar, Act. Class. II, 389. Cod. 
Veron. Livii, lV, 27, 4. Fragm. Pal. Livii, XCI, p. 1 4. 
Hor. Serm. I, 3,8 al. (HOLDER). Monum. Ancyr. Il, 17. 

quem ad modum, quemadmodum, not quem- 
ammodum. 

quemammodum in the Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 41, 
§ 106, al. The separation into three words is favored by 
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 2, § 5. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 127 





queo, quivi, etc. See above, § 19, II. 

quiverit, Cod. Veron. Livii, LV, 24, 9. 

querela, better than querella. 

Br. 259. querella is favored by Mar, Auct. Class. II, 
388, and by the Vergilian codices (RIBBECK, Prol. in 
Verg. p. 429); also by KELLER (vol. I, p. 283) on Hor. 
Epist. I, 12, 3; Ars, 98. 

querimonia, not queremonia. 
Hor. Carm. I, 13, 199 II, 20, 22; IlI,.24, 33; Ars, 
75 (KELLER). 
quicquam, vw quisquam. 
quicquid, v. quisquis. 
quicumque, better than quicunque. 

Br. 265. Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 284; II, 
p- 449). Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 12,6; 27, 3; IV, 13, 
3; 22,1. Corp. /us. Lat. II, 1088, 43; 1094, 3, 10. 

quidam, Accusative quendam, not quemdam. 
See above, § 9, II. 

quidquam, vw quisquam. 

quidquid,w. quisquis. 

Quinctia, Quinctius, must be written in the names that 
are familiar to us from the history of the Roman Repub- 

lic; on the contrary, the family names familiar to us 
from the history of the Empire, have the more modern 
form Quintia, Quintius, along with the older Quinct-. 

This rule is supported by Livian manuscript authority, 
for the old names are generally written by him with the 
ct, according to the Codex Veronensis, III, 12, 3, 8; 21, 8 

_ al. IV, 8,1; cf. onthe contrary, III, 12,2; 26,9; 26,11 ; 
IV, 7, 10; 17,10. Examples of the c¢ are to be found 
in Corp. fns. Lat. I, p. 592. The form Quint- arose in 














128 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. . 





the last years of the Republic, and became very general 
under the Empire, without the older form being entirely 
discarded; cf. RITSCHL, Zesserae, 34 (Transactions of 
the Bavarian Academy, X, 324). 

Quinctilis and Quintilis, name of the month. 

Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 592. Rirscuy, Zesserae, 34 
( Zransact. Bav. Acad. X, 324) ; cf. Cic. de Re p. I, 16, 25. 
Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 32, I. 

Quinctilius and Quintilius. 

Like Quinctilis and Quinctia. 

Quinctus, see Q. as an abbreviation. - 
Quintilianus, not Quinctilianus, name of the 
rhetorician. 

Cf. RITSCHL, Ofuse. II, 779; Tesserae, 34 ( Transact. 
Bav. Acad. X, 324). Quinct- from 39 A. D., HENZEN, 
Scavi, p. 6. 7 

quisquam, neuter quicquam, better than quidquam. 

BR. 254. ELLENpT on Cic. de Or. I, 8, § 30. OSANN 
(p. 99) on Cic. de Re p. I, 32, 48. Cod. Veron. Livii, 
Lit, °27, 2 al. 3 “V, 6,81, 12333, 4. a Sram. Vat sau 
IV a, 14 (Hermes, V, 405). Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, 
I, p. 284; II, p. 450). Cf. quisquis. 

quisque, quidque, not quicque. 

ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 32, § 145 ; 35, § 162; cf. I, 

8, § 30. 
quisquis, neuter quidquid and quicquid. 

Br. 254. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 8, § 30. OSANN 
(p. 99) on Cic. de Re p. I, 32, 48. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 
20, 6. quicquid is favored by the weight of Ms. authority 
in Horace (see the passages in HOLDER-KELLER, I, 
p. 2843; II, p. 450). LACHMANN, zz Lucr. 340. 

quom, v. cum. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 129 





quor, vw cur. 
quotannis, not quodannis. 

The first form is in accordance with the old grammar ; 
quodannis occurs often besides in inscriptions and Mss. 
Cf. R1IBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 398. 

quotidie, v. cottidie. 

quotiens, better than quoties. 
Br. 269. See above, § 17; II. Corp. Jus. Lat. 1,p. 593. 
Cic. de Or. IT, 30, § 130; 32, § 137 (ELLENDT). Cf. 
OSANN (p. 266) on Cic. de Re p. III, 10, 17. Cic. Divin. 
in Caecilium, 14, 45 (ZUMPT, p. 31). RIBBECK, Prol. in 
Verg. p. 434. Hor. Carm. I, 5,5; IV, 2, 26 al. ; Epist. 
I, 18, 45, 104; II, 1, 55 (KELLER). 

quotienscumgque, better than quotiescunque. 

Like quotiens. Cic. de Or. I, 27, § 123 (ELLENDT). 
Cf. OSANN (p. 266) on Cic. de Re p. III, 10,17. Monum. 
Ancyr. IV, 28. : 

quum, v.cum. 


raeda, better than reda; not rheda. 
FL. 25. Jahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 85, p. 109. Hor. Serm. 
I, 5, 86 ; II, 6, 42 (HOLDER). 
Raetia, Raeti, not Rhaet-. 
Hor. Carm. IV, 4, 17; 14, 15 (KELLER) ; and in in- 
scriptions ; e. g. Corp. Jus. Rh. p. 385. HENZEN, Scavi, 
P- 75. 
recido, réccidi, better than recidi. 
reccidi, e. g. Cic. de Re p. II, 8 (MAI, Auct. Class. I, 
147; cf. OSANN, p. 478). Luc. MULLER, De re metr. 





3 











130 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





p. 361. The Funeral Oration on Turia* (I, 15) gives 
reccidisse. Cf. refero, reperio, repello. 


recipero and recupero; the first form is preferable to 
the second. 

Br. 321. recuperandae, Sall. Iug. 29, 3. recipera- 
tum, Liv. III, 18, 10; V, 51. 3; together with recupe- 
rare, V, 49, 3; recuperata, V, 51, 3; VI, 2, 5 (Cod. 

_ Veron.). reciperas, Cic. Ep, ad Fam. VI, 10, 1 (Palimps. 
Laur.). Corp. [us. Lat. 1, p. 593. Alonum. Ancyr. V, 34. 
redarguo, not the archaic rederguo. 

Br. 77. 

redemptor, not redemtor; v.redimo. 

E. g. Hor. Carm. III, 1, 35 ; Epist. II, 2, 72 (KELLER). 

Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 593. . 
redeo, redii,etc. See above, § 19, II. 


redimo, redemi, redemptum. 
Br. 248 sg. Corp. Zus. Lat. I, p. 593. 


réduco, not redduco. 

Cf. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 294; 2d. 191 (HOLDER). Luc. 

MULLER, De ve metr. p. 362. 
refero, rettuli, not rétuli (the bisaer being the 
favorite form in Mss.). 

Corp. Ins. Lat. gives tand i, I, p. 593. rettulit, Ac? 
Triump. ann. 532 (2. p. 458); HENZEN, Scavz, p. 42 5g. 5 
Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 61, 11; 68, 5; 1V, 17,8; V, 20, 
2; together with retul-, 2d. III, 43,6; IV, 34, 6 Cf. 
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 25, § 100. OSANN (p. 478) 
on Cic. de Re p. KELLER on Hor. Carm, II, 1, 28. 
Luc. MULLER, De re metr. p. 361. 


* This oration was published by THEODOR MOMMSEN in the 
Transactions of the Berlin Academy, 1863. — TR. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. —I31 





Regium, not Rhegium. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, p. 593. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 2, 22, 
§ 54; 23,§ 55, 56; cf. Mat, Azct. Class. II, p. 416; 
ZUMPT, in Verr. p. 981. FL. 26. 
reicio, better than reiicio. 
See above, § 20, II. E. g. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 2, 24, 
§ 59; 25,§ 61. (MAI, duct. Class. II, p. 458.) Br. 201, 
Rem. 
religio, not relligio. 
Cic. de Re p. I, 2, 2; 15,23, 24. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 
1, 46,§ 120. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 50, 1,73 51, 43 52, 
10 al. Cf. 2. V, 40, 10. Luc. MULLER, De re metr. 
p. 361. 
religiosus, like religio. 
relinquo, Third Pers. Plur. relinquunt, not relin- 
cunt, or relinquont. 
See Sees § 6,11; § 19, I. relincunt, Cod, Veron, 
Livii, III, 63,4. _ 
‘reliquiae, better than relliquiae. 
Cf. reliquus. Cor. Jus. Lat. I, 1009, 1016 ;. relliquiae, 
7. 1051.. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 430 (Aen. I, 
30). Luc. MULLER, De re metr. p. 361. 
reliquus, not rellicuus, relicuus. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 206, 151; IV, 1668. Zad. Malac. 
63. Cic. de Re p. I, 4, 7; II, 11, 12. Sall. Fragm. 
Vat. Hist. I a, 12. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 6, 15; 40, 
1; Fragm. Pal. XCI, 2 6. reliqus, Fragm. Vat. Cic. 
pro Rab. 1 (MAI, Azct. Class. II, p. 370).  relicus, 
Fragm. Med. Cic. pro Flacco, 11 (MAI, 23. p. 8). Fragm. 
Taur, Ep. ad Fam. VI, 9, 2. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 21, 
1. Cf. LACHMANN, 27 Lucr. p. 305. 
renuntio, wv nuntio. 














132 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





repello, reppuli, not repuli. 
reperio, repperi, not reperi. 

Like refero, rettuli. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 25, 
§ 100. Luc. MULLER, De re metr.p. 361. Cf. repperies 
in Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 42, § 109. 

reprehendo and reprendo. 

Br. 286. Cf. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 42, § 108. Circ. 
de Re p. IV, 5,5 (OSANN). Examples from Horace, ed. 
KELLER-HOLDER, II, p. 453. 

res publica, not to be written together respub- 
lica. 

Cf. OSANN (p. 14) on Cic. de Re p. I, 3, 4. The 
special meaning “state” requires no distinction in the 
way of writing the word. 

reses, not resis inthe Nom. Sing. 

BR. 147. 
restinguo, not restingo. | 

E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 5, 76 (HOLDER). 
retracto, not retrecto. 

RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 387. 
revertor, not revortor; like verto.. 
Rhegium, v. Regium. 
rhombus, not rombus. 

Hor. Epod. 2, 50 (KELLER) ; Serm. I, 2, 116; II, 2, 
42, 48, 49, 95; 8, 30 (HOLDER). 

Riphaei, not Ripaei. 

RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 424, 425. 
robigo, not rubigo. 

Br. 85 sg. Hor. Carm. III, 23, 7 (KELLER) ; Serm. 
II, 1, 43 (HOLDER). 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 133 





robur, roboris, not robor. 
Br. 84; cf. 2b. 4,45. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 437 sq. 
rotundus, not the collateral form rutundus. 
rutundus arose through regular vowel change, but 
was probably peculiar to the prevailing plebeian speech. 
It is found, e. g. inthe Codd. Paris. 7900* Emmer., Hor. 
Epist. I, 100; AZonac. 14685, Hor. Ars. 323; Voss. 84, 
Vindob. 189 (prim. man.), Cic. de Deor. Nat. II, 46, 
117, Cf. LACHMANN, zz Lucr. 96. 
rupes; see above, § 15, 3. 
rursum, rursus, not rusus, russus. 
BR. 273, 332. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Vere. p. 444 sq. 


Hor. Serm. I, 3, 28; II, 3, 268 al. (HOLDER). RITSCHL, 
Ofusc. II, 262 59., 544. 


Ss. 


saeculum, not seculum. 

Fu. 27. In Mss.,e. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 20, 5. 
Cic. de Re p. II, 10, 18; de Leg. I, 6, 19, and often. 

saepes, not sepes. 

FL. 28. Ms. authority in RIBBECK, Prol. in Vere. 
p- 446. Cod. Veron. Livii, VI, 2, 10,11. Cf. saepio, and 
see above, § 15, 3. 

saepio, saepsi, saeptum, not sep-. 

FL. 28. In regard to Ms, authority, cf. OSANN (p. 88, 
where his decision is wrong) on Cic. de Re p. I, 26, 41. 
Cic. de Or. I, 9, § 36; 32, § 142 (ELLENDT). Sall. 
Hist. I; 41,15 (D1ETscH). Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 19, 10; 

' 44, 4; VI,2,9. Tac. Ann. XIV, 44. Examples from 
inscriptions in Cor. Zus. Lat. I, p. 594. 














134 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





saeta, not seta. 
saetosus, not setosus. 

E. g. Hor. Epod. 17, 15 (KELLER). Cf. RIBBECK, 

Prol. in Verg. p. 414. 
saevio, not sevio. 
saevitia, not sevitia. 
saevus, not sevus. 

Br. 204. Sev- is also found in manuscripts. Cf. Hor. 
Serm. I, 4, 49 al. (HOLDER). ‘Tac. Ann. XIV, 45. 

Sallentini, better than Salentini. 

Verg. Aen. III, 400 (RIBBECK). Cic. pro S. Rosc. 

46, 133 and elsewhere. 
Sallustius, not Salustius. 

In inscriptions, e. g. Corp. Jas. Lat. IV, p. 252. 

sanguinolentus and sanguinulentus. 

Sanguinol-, Cornificius ad Her. IV, 39, 51. Ovid. 
Her. 3, 50.al.; together with sanguinul-, Ov. Fast. 1V, 
844 al. Examples in Corssen, Azsspr. II”, 145. 

Sarcio, sarsi, sartum; not sarsum. . 
ce oO, 
Sardanapallus, better than Sardanapalus. 

Cic. Tusc. V, 35, 101 (BAITER). Cf. OSANN (pp. 305, 
510) on Cic. de Re p. 

Sario, better than sarrio. 
FLECKEISEN, Fahro. fir Phil. vol. 97, p. 212. 
sarisa, better than sarissa; so cdpica,together with 
ocdplooa. 

cdpica, in Zhes. Gr. (ed. DINDORF) s. Vv. odpicoa. 
FORCELLINI was the first to suggest the spelling sa- 
risa. 

satrapea, better than the later form satrapia (carpa- 
meia). See above, § 5, 2. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 135 





Curtius, V, 6, 44, where MUTZELL decides for satrapea 
(I, p. 394, = HEDICKE, p. 75, 31). 
satura and the later form satira, not satyra. 
satura, in Hor. Serm. II, 1, 1; 6,17 (HOLDER). Cf. 
Quint. IX, 2, 36; 3,9; X, I, 93, 95, where HALM reads 
satura. Iuvenal, I, 30. 
scabillum and scapillum. 
Br. 241. 
scaena, not scena (cxnr7). 
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 594. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. 
p. 387. Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, II, p. 456). EL- 
£ LENDT decides incorrectly on Cic. de Or. II, 46, § 193. 
scaenicus, like scaena. 
sceptrum, not scaeptrum (cxjrrpor). 
E. g. Verg. Aen. IX, 9. Corp. Ins. Lat. 1V, 1939. Cf. 
BR. 205. 
-scida, not scheda (cxién). 
BR. 291. 
sceribo, scripsi, scriptum, not scribsi, scrib- 
tum. 
See above, § 7, I, 3: scribti, e. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, 
ITI, 8, 4. 
scripulum, not scriptulum. 
Br, 256. 
sebum, not sevum. 
BR. 239. 
secius, v. setius. 
sed, not set. 
Br. 253 sg. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 11, § 43. 
OSANN (p. 15) on Cic. de Re p. I, 3,4. Cod. Veron. 
Livil, 111,35; 4; IV, 22; 3; 27; 4,al.. Cf IV, 23; 3; V, 


* 














136 _ LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





32, 7. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 398. Hor. Serm. I, 1, 
27, al. (HOLDER). 
sedes, not sedis inthe Nom. Sing. 
Br. 146-149. See above, § 15, 3. 
seiunx, not seiux. 
BR. 270. 
Seleucea and (more modern) Seleucia. 
OTTO as quoted in OSANN (p. 468) on Cic. de Re p. 
See above, § 5; 2 
semestris, not semenstris. : 
Like trimestris, E. g. Corp. ns. Lat. I, 206, 92, 102. 
semésus and seméssus. 
Verg. Aen. III, 244 (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg.p. 445). 
Hor. Serm. I, 3, 81; II, 6, 85 (HOLDER). 
semustus, better than semiustus. 
Verg. Aen. III, 578; V, 697; XI, 200 (R1BBECK, Prol. 
in Verg. p. 446). . 
sepulcrum, better than sepulchrum. 
Br. 288 sg. Cf. Cic.. de Or. I, 34, §:157 (ELLENDT). 
De Leg. II, 24,61 (VAHLEN, pp. 119-124). RIBBECK, 
Prol.in Verg. p. 424. HOLDER and KELLER write ch in 
Hor. (vol. I, p. 289; II, p. 457). Corp. cus. Lat. I, 
P. 595; 
sequor, Third Pers. Plur. Pres. Indic. sequuntur; Perf. 
secutus. 
Not sequontur, sequutus, or secuntur. The latter form 
is frequent in good Mss. ; e. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 
30, 1. Hor. Serm. I, 6, 108, al. (HOLDER). See above, 
§ 6, IL; § 19,1. 
servus, not servos (see above, § 4; § 14,1). 
sescenti, not sexcenti. 
sesc-, Monum. Ancyr. 1, 19 ; II, 25; Cod. Vat. Cic. 











ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 137 





de Re p. I, 37, 58 (ed. OSANN, p. 119).. Cf. Mal, Auct. 
Class. II, p. 389. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 62, 8. Rirscut, 
Ofusc. II, 657. 
setius, not secius. 
FL. 28. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 446. Corp. Ins. 
Lat. I, p. 595. 
sibilare, not sifilare. 

Br. 240, E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 1, 66 (Horper). 
sibilus, not sifilus; vw. sibilare, 
simulacrum, not simulachrum. 

ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 34, § 157. 
singillatim, not singulatim. 

singillatim only is general, at least in standard writers. 

FLECKEISEN (29) cites in proof, Cic. in Caec. Div. 15, 
20 (cf. ZUMPT, p. 36). Cic. Verr. II, 3, 20, § 533 42, 
§ 100 al. 
Siren, not Seren (Zeup7p). 
Br. 142. Cf. Hor. Serm., II, 3, 14; Epist. I, 2, 23 
(HOLDER-KELLER). 
sobrius, not sobreus, nor sober. 

Br. 136, 85 5g. E. g. Hor. Serm. II, 3,5 (HOLDER). 
sodalicius. See above, § 6, I. 
solacium, not solatium. 

E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 51, 1. FL. 30. RIBBECK, 

Prol. in Verg. p. 446. Corp. Ins. Lat. Il, 1094, 12. 
solea, not solia. 

Br. 133. Cf. Hor. Serm. I, 3, 128 al. (HOLDER). 
solium, not soleum. 

BR, 136 sg. 
sollemnis, not sollennis, nor sollempnis. | 

Sall. Cat. 22, 2 (DiETscH), Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 

















138 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





29,5; V, 50,73; 52, 11. Corp. Jus. Lat. 1, p. 285, XXIV. 
Verg. Aen. XII, 193 (RiIBBECK). Hor. Carm. IV, 11. 
17; Epist. I, 1, 101; 18, 49; II, 1, 103 (KELLER). 
HENZEN, .Scavz, p. 65. 
sollers, not solers. 
Sall. Iug. 96, 1 (DIETSCH). Hor. Carm. IV, 8,8; Ars, 
407 (KELLER). , 
sollertia, not solertia. 
Like sollers. E. g. Sall. Iug. 7,7 (DIETSCH). 
sollicito, sollicitudo, not solicit-. 
E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 20, 8,al. Corp. Zns. Lat. 
T, 1008. 
somnulentus, better than somnolentus, 
is attested by Mss. of Appuleius and Solinus (CORSSEN, 
Ausspr. II?, 146). Cf. sanguinolentus, vinolentus, formi- 
dulosus. 
sonipes, not sonupes, 
Br. III. 
spatior, not spacior. 
spatium, not spacium. 
E. g. Corp. Lus. Lat. I, 1220. 
spondeéus and spondius. 
Quint. I, 10, 32; IX, 4,97, 98, 102 (HALM). 
stellio, not stelio nor stillio. 
Br. 260. Cf. R1ipBEcK, Prol. in Verg. p. 429. 
stillicidium, not stilicidium. 
LACHMANN, aehace view is pik ao gives Citations, 
in Lucr. p. 33. 
stillio, v. stellio. 
stilus, wt stylus. 
E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 10, 72; II, 1, 39 (HOLDER). 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 139 





stlata (stlatarius), not sclata. 
Br, 214. 
stlis, vw. lis. 
strues. See above, § 15,3 
stuppa, stuppeus, not stupa nor stippa. 
Verg. Aen. V, 682 (RIBBECK, Pro/. in Verg. p. 451), al. 
suadela, not suadella. 
Br. 259 sg. Cf. Hor. Epist. I, 6, 38 (KELLER). 
subditicius. See above, § 6, I. 
subeo, subii, etc. See above, § 19, II. 
subf-, v. suff. 
subicio, better than subiicio. 
See above, § 20, II; cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 42, 
§ 189. 
submergo and summergo. 
subministro and sumministro. 
submitto and summitto. 
submoveo and summoveo. 
submuto and summuto. 
See above, § 20, I, 10. Cic. Or. § 158. Cf. 2d. § 93. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 3809. 
suboles, not subolis, or soboles. 
BR. 147. See above, § 15,3. Hor. Carm. III, 13, 8; 
IV, 3, 14; Carm. Saec. 17 (KELLER). Cic. Tusc. II, 10, 
23 (BAITER, ed. Tur.). 
subrogo and surrogo. 
subr-, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 19,1, 2. See above, § 20, 
I, fo. 
subsicivus, not subsecivus. 
Cie, dé deg. I, 3,9; 4,13 al. Corp. Jus. Lats-T, 200, 
66 (supsicivo). 














140 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





subsidium, not supsidium. 
See above, § 7, I, 2. E.g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 12, 
4. ast. Praen. Apr. 24. 
subtemen, and subtegmen. The first is the usual 
form. 
Verg. Aen. III, 483 (RipBECcK). Hor. Epod. 13, 15 
(KELLER). Corp. Jus. Lat. IV. 1507 ; Add. p. 208. 
subter. See above, § 7, I, 2. 
subtilis, not suptilis. 
Hor. Serm. II, 7, 101; Epist. II, 1, 242; cf. Serm. 
II, 8, 38 (HOLDER-KELLER). Cic. de Leg. I, 4, 13 al. 
subtilitas, not suptilitas. 
supt-, Cic. de Re p.I, 10, 16. 
succedo, succinctus, and like compounds. See 
above, § 20, I, 1o. 
Cf. RIBBECK, Prol.in Verg. p. 389. 
succenseo, v. suscenseo. 
Sucus, not succus. 
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 21, § 88; 22, § 93. Hor. 
Carm. III, 3, 35; 27, 54 (KELLER). 
Suebi, Suebicus, not Suev-. 
Br. 332. MZonum. Ancyr. V1, 3. 
suffero, 
sufficio, 
suffodio, and like compounds, not subf-. 
See above, § 20, I, Io. 
Sulpicius, not Sulpitius. 
Cf. Cic. de Or. II, 23, § 96 sg. (ELLENDT). See above, 
§ 6, I. 
sulpur and sulphur, not sulfur. 
sulpur is supported by the better Ms. “tradition in 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. I4I 





Vergil (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 424), Hor. Epist. I, 
15, 7 (KELLER). Cf. Sall. Iug. 57, 5 (DIETSCH). Quin- 
til. I, 6, 22; XII, 10, 76 (HALM). 
SUMO, SUMpsi, Sumptum. 
BR. 248 sgg., 332. Cf. OSANN (p. 181 sg.) on Cic. de 
Re p. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 54,8. Hor. (ed. HOLDER 
and KELLER, I, p. 292; II, p. 463). feriale Cum., Corp. 
lus. Lat. I, p. 310. 
sumptus, not sumtus, vw sumo, 
E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 4, 5. 
stipellex, not suppellex. 
superiacio, not superiicio. 
Cf. Verg. Aen. XI, 625. 
sup-p, not subp-. For instance, 
suppedito, not subpedito. 
See above, § 20, I, 10; e. g. Cic. de Leg. II, 27, 67, 
where the Cod. B. give -bp-. 
supplex, supplico, not supl-. 
supplicium, not suplicium. 
E. g. Monum. Ancyr. V, 33 Cod. Veron. Livii, IIT, 
19, Gi): 
suppono, 
supporto, 
supprimo, and like compounds; see above, sup-p 
and § 20, I, Io. 
Cf. RriBBEcK, Prol. in Verg. p. 3809. 
Suria,w Syria. 
SsUrsSUM, SUTSUS, not sUSUM, SUSUS. 
Br. 273. On the ending, cf. RITSCHL, Opusc. II, 262. 
suscenseo, better than succenseo. 
Cic. Tusc. I, 41, § 99. Ter. Phorm, II, 3, 14. Plaut. 
Trin. 1164 (RITSCHL). 














142 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





suspicio, better than suspitio; the latter is probably 
an independent parallel formation from szsPic(z)Zio. 
suspitio occurs in good Mss. along with suspicio, and 
since the length of the second syllable did not favor a 
direct derivation from suspicor, I formerly, with FLEcK- 
EISEN and others, put down the form suspitio as alone 
correct (Aheiz. Mus. XXIV, 539). . Yet suspicio is so 
well attested from atime in which the confusion of cz and 
ti before vowels had not yet gained ground, that either 
suspitio is incorrect, or two independent formations have 
arisen ; the first one direct from the c-stem SPIC, and 
the other from the supine stem SPIC-T. Cf. HAuprT in 
Hermes, IV, 147. 
syllaba, not sillaba. 
Br. 126. Hor. Ars, 251 (KELLER). 
synodus and synhodus. 

Without 2 in Ammian XV, 7, 7; XXI, 16, 18 2 
arises as in Euodus, Euhodus, Euhemerus, Cf. Panhor- 
mus. 

Syracosius, not Syracusius, Zvupaxdoos; but 
Syracusanus. . . 
Cic. de Or. III, 34, § 139 (ELLENDT) ; cf. 2d. II, 13, § 57. 
Syria and Suria. . 

Both forms belong to the first century of the Empire. 
The form with y came in after the Augustan age, but did 
not entirely displace the form with #. For modern Latin 
writing, Syria is to be recommended as the more correct ~ 
‘form. 


T. 


tabes, not tabis in the Nom. Sing. 
Br. 147. See above, § 15, 3. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 143 





taeter, not teter; nor yet taetrus, tetrus. 
Cic. de Re p. II, 26, 48; III, 33,45; cf. OSANN 
(p. 95) on 2d. I, 29, 45. Sall. Cat. 52, 13. Hor. Carm. 
III, 11, 19 (KELLER); Serm. I, 2, 33; 3,107; 4, 60 
(HoLDER). Br. 86. 
tanquam and tamquam. 
BR. 332, 263-265. Cf. Cic. de Re p. (ed. OsANn, 
p- 141 sgg.). Cod. Veron. Livii reads tanquam, IV, 15, 2 
tamquam, III, 21,5; IV, 58, 10. Hor. (ed. HOLDER 
and KELLER, II, p. 464). 
tanto opere and tantopere. 
Like magno opere. 
tantundem, not tantumdem. 
Br. 265. Hor. Serm. II, 4,91 (HOLDER). Cf. the 
same on Serm. I, 1, 52, 56; 3, 115; II, 3, 237. 
Tarracina, not Terracina. 
Sall. Cat. 46, 3. Cic. de Or. II, 59, § 240 (ELLENDT). 
Cf. RITSCHL, Opusc. II, 540. 
tegmen and tegimen ; the latter in the Nom. and Accus. 
Sing. 
Quint. IX, 4, 4. Tac. Ann. II, 21. On tegimen, 
tegumen, cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 451. 
temno, not tempno, Perf. tempsi. 
Br. 248. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg.p.441. Hor. Serm. 
I, 1, 116; II, 2, 38 (HOLDER). 
temperi (“timely ”’), comparative idiletias: not tem- 
pori, temporius. 
RITSCHL in Suet. Vit. Terenti, 507-509 (Ofszusc. II, 
257). 
tentare and temptare. 
Br. 249. Cic. de Or. I, 21,§97(ELLENDT). Cod. Vat. 
Verrin. reads tempt-, II, 2, 24, § 59. Cic. de Re p. II, 12, 














144 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





23 (OSANN, p. 178). Sall. (Dierscn, II, p. 378). Cod. 

Veron Livii, V, 24,2. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 441. 

Hor. (ed. HOLDER and KELLER, I, p. 293 ; II. p. 464). 
Teresias and Tiresias, Tecpecias. 

Hor. Serm, II, 5, 1 (HOLDER, who writes Ter-). See 
above, § 5, 2. 

tergeo (tergo), tersi, tersum, not tertum. 

Br. 276. | 

tesqua, not tesca. 

Hor. Epist. I. 14, 19 (KELLER). 

teter, vu taeter. 
Thalia, better than Thalea. 

Thalea was the form until the Augustan age; Thalia 
came in during the first.century after Christ. Cf. above, 
§ 5, 2. 

thesaurus, not thensaurus. 

thensaurus is the more ancient form. Br. 266. Cf. 
Sall. Iug. 10, 4; 37, 43 75, I (DIETSCH, who reads 
thens-). RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 434. Hor. Carm, 
III, 24, 2 (KELLER) ; Serm. II, 6, 11 (HOLDER). 

Thrax and Thraex. 

FL. 30. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p.387. So Thraca, 
Thraeca, Thracius, Thraecius; Thraessa, Hor. Carm. 
III, 9, 9 (KELLER). 

thus, w tus. 
Thyias, not Thyas. . 

Verg. Aen. IV, 302 (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 428). 
Hor. Carm. II, 19,9; III, 15, 10 (KELLER). 

thynnus (@vvvos), not thunnus. 

Hor. Serm. II, 5, 44 (HOLDER). 

tinea, not tinia. 
Br. 133. Cf. Hor. Epist. I, 20,12 (KELLER). 


> 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. I45 





tingo, not tinguo. 

Br. 129. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 448. Hor. 
Carm. II, 14, 27; III, 23, 13; IV, 2,23 (KELLER, who 
writes tinguere). 

tisanarium, not ptisanarium, 
in Hor. Serm. II, 3, 155 (HOLDER). Fahro. fiir Phil. 
vol. 93, Pp. 244. 
tolerabilis, not tulerabilis; 
tolero, not tulero. 
Br. 83. 
Tolomaeus, vw Ptolomaeus. 
tondeo, totondi, tonsum, not tosum. 
Br. 268. 
torpedo, not turpido. 

Br. 83,145. Cf. OSANN (p. Io) on Cic. de Re p. I, 2, 2. 

totiens, better than toties. 

Br. 269 ; see above, § 17, II. Cf. Cic. de Or. II, 30, 
§ 130; 32, § 137 (ELLENDT). Cic. Divin. in Caec. 14, 
45 (ZumPT). Sall. Iug. 106, 3{D1ETSCH). Cod. Veron. 
Livii reads totiens, III, 67, 5. RIBBECK, Prol. in Vers. 
p- 434. -Hor. Carm. Saec. 23; Serm. II, 3, 194; 7, 70; 
Epist. I, 1, 6 (HOLDER-KELLER). 

trabs, not traps. 
Br. 243, 246. See above, § 15, I. 
traiectus, not transiectus. 
Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 34, 7. 
tralaticius, not tralatitius. See above, § 6, I. 
transicio and traicio, better than traiicio. 

See above, § 20, I, rr; II. Liv. XXI, 47 extr. 

transmitto and tramitto. 

See above, § 20, I, 11. tramitto is the reading in 
Cie.:de Rep, F,:3; 6. 





Io 











146 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





transnare and tranare. 
See above, § 20, I, 11. Hor. Serm. II, 1,8 (HOLDER). 
Cod. Veron, Livii, IV, 33, II. 
transversus, not transvorsus. 
Like versus. The older form transvorsus is the read- 
ing, in Hor., Ars, 447 (KELLER). | 
Trasumennus, Tarsuménnus, and Trasimén- 
nus are forms better attested than Trasumenus, 
Trasimenus. 
RITSCHL in Rhein. Mus. XXi1, 603 - 605 (Ofzsc. II, 
528, 540). HALM writes Trasumenus in Nepos, Han- 
nibal 4, 3. 
tréceni, not triceni (= three hundred each”’). 
Br. 214. Monum. Ancyr. III, 7. Cf. Hor. Carm. II, 
14, 5 (KELLER). 
tres, Accusative tres and tris. 
See above, § 15, 7. Cf. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 54, 4, 
8; 55, 3. The Nominative tris is also found. Cod. 
Veron. Livii, IV, 56, 2.. Cf. 2b. 59, 2 
- tribunicius, not tribunitius. 
Br. 218. See above, § 6, I. 
triceni = “thirty each.” Cf. tréceni. 
tricesimus and trigesimus; not-ensimus. 
NEUE, Lat. Formeni. II, 163. Cf. vicesimus. 
trimestris, not trimenstris. 
-ens-, in the rustic calendar, Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 3 <8, 
Cf. semestris. 
tripartitus and tripertitus. 
Liv. XXIII, 16, 8 (ALSCHEFSK]). 
triumpho, 
‘triumphus, not triumpo, triumpus. 
Br. 282, 287.. Examples are to be found in Hor.,ed. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX, 147 





KELLER and HoLpER, I, p. 295. Cod. Veron. Livii, ITI, 
63, 8, 9, II, al. 

tropaeum and trophaeum. 

FLECKEISEN, Fahro. fiir Phil. vol. 101, p. 458 sg. tro- 
paea, according to KELLER, is the reading in Hor. 
Carm. II, 9, 19, of the Cod. Paris., A 1, Bern. tropea, 
Cod. Paris. ¢. y. 7. ; trophea in other places, 42. Cf. 
Tac. Ann. XV, 18, 1, where Cod. A/ed. reads tropea. 

tundo, tutudi, tunsum and tusum. 

Br. 268. RIBBECK, Prol. iz Verg. p. 435; on tussus, 
cf. ib. p. 445. 

turma, not torma. 

Br. 85. E. g. Hor. Epist. II, 1, 190 (KELLER). 

tus, better than thus. 

Br. 293. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 122, 421. 
Hor. Carm. I, 19, 14, al. ; Serm. I, 5,99; Epist. I, 14, 
St <* It, 1, 200 (HOLDER-KELLER). HENZEN, Scavi, 
P- 37 S99. 

tutela, not tutella. 

Br. 259. Cic. de Or. I, 39, § 180 (ELLENDT) ; cf. 2d, 
II, 46, § 193. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 218; Epist. I., 103; 
Carm. II, 17, 23, al. (HOLDER-KELLER). 


V=u 9 Vv. 


On the letters V, U, u, v, see above, § 2. 
vacatio (‘‘ exemption,” “immunity ”’), not vocatio. 
Br. 71, sg. Cf. RiBpBEcK, Prol.in Verg.p. 451. E.g. 
Cic. de Deor. Nat. I, 20, 53 (BAITER, p. 383, ed. Tur.). 
vacuus, not vocuus. 
BR. 71, 319 sg. Cf. Hor. (KELLER-HOLDER, I, p. 296 ; 
IT, p. 468). 














148 _ LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. - 





valetudo, not valitudo. 
Hor. Serm. II, 2, 88; Epist. I, 4, 10, (HOLDER- © 
KELLER).- Monum. Ancyr. II, 19. Valetudo dea, Corp. 
_ des. Lid. 1,472. 
vapor, not vapos. See above, § I5, 2. 
vates, not vatis in the Nom. Sing. 
- Br. 147 sgq. .See above, § 15, 3. 
vatillum, not batillum. 
Hor. Serm. I, 5, 36 (HOLDER). 
ubicumque, better than ubicunque. 
Hor. Serm. I, 2, 62; Epist. I, 3, 34, and often 
(KELLER-HOLDER). 
vehemens, better than vemens, not veehems. 
Br. 285 sg. Cf. 2b. 283. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 21, 3, 
al. Cf. 2d. 19, 4. On veemens, cf. Hor. Epist. HI, 2, 
_ 28,120 (KELLER). 
vehes. See above, § 15, 3. 
Vei, Veiorum, Veis, better than Veii, Veiis. 
See above, § 14, 3. Veis is the reading, Cod. Veron. 
Sih, Vind, 103 46,.45 V1, 4, 5. Cf beis, 2. V4, 23 
52,10. Veiis, 26..V,5, 10. 
velut, not velud. 
Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 34, 7; V, 28, 3, al. Hor. Serm. 
I, 6, 66; II, 1, 30 (HOLDER). 
venalicius, venalis, not vaen-. 
venum do and venundo. 
E. g. Sall. Iug. 91, 7. Cf. above, § 9, II. 
venum eo, veneo, not vaen-. 
E. g. Sall. Iug. 28, 1, and often. Corp. Zuzs. Lat. I, 
p- 598. : 
Vergiliae, not Virgiliae, like Vergilius. 
Fast. Venus. Mai, 7, Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 301. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 149 





Vergilius is the name of the poet, and is to be so written 
in Latin. 
RIrscHL, Ofusc. II, 779 sqq. 
Verginius, not Virginius. 
RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 780. E. g. Cod. Veron, Livii, ITI, 
II, 12,:al. teil 


verres. See above, § 15,3 


verrucosus, not verrucossus. 
Br. 268. 


versus (versum), not the older vorsus. 
Br. 101 sgg. Cf. verto. vorsus, vorsum in Sallust. 
The Participle versis occurs in Cod, Veron. Livii, III, 43, 
6, al. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 598. 


vertex, not the older vortex. 
Br. tot sg. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 436 sq. 
Hor. Serm. I, 8, 6; Epist. II, 2, 4 (HOLDER-KELLER, 

and vol. I, p. 297). Cf. verto. 


verto, not vorto, like versus. Sallust has vorto. 

OSANN (p. 442) on Cic. de Re p. For examples from 

Horace, see in HOLDER and KELLER, I, p. 297; II, 
p. 470. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 58, 8, al. 


vespere and vesperi. 

Cic. ad Att. XI, 12,1; VII, 4,2. These and other 
examples are to be found in NEvE, Lat. Formeni. II, 
672. - 

vester, not the older voster. 

BR. 101 sgg. So too the writers of the Augustan age. 

voster in Sallust. 
veto, -are, not the older and plebeian votare. 
_ Cf. Hor. Serm. I, 10, 56 (HOLDER). 














I50 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY, 





Veturia and Voturia. 
Br. 101. Cf. Veturius, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 8, 2. 
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 598. 
vicesimus, more usual than vigesimus; not vicen- 
simus. 
See above, § 9, III. vicensimum is the reading of 
Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 4, 12. Cf. Corp. Zns. Lat. I, p. 598. 
NEUE, Lat. Formeni. II, 163. 


victima, not the older victuma. 

Cf. Fast. Praen. Jan. 17, Corp. dus. Lat. I, p. 312. 

HENZEN, Scavi, pp. 5, 37- 
vilicus, not villicus; but villa. 

Sall. Iug. 35, 39. Cic.. de Re p. I, 38, 59; V, 3, 5 
(OSANN, p. 122). Cf. Mat on Cic. pro Tullio, 7 (Azez. 
Class. II, 338). Hor. Epist. I, 14, 1, 15; II, 2, 160 
(KELLER). Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 1305. 

vinculum and vineclum. 

ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 45, § 194. OSANN on Cic. 

de Re p. I, 3, 5. 
vinea, better than vinia. 

BR. 133-135, 321. vinea in Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 5, 
6; 7,2, al. Cf. the rustic calendar, Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 
p. 358, Febr. 11; Mart. 11 ; Dec. 12. 

-vinolentus, and, perhaps better, vinulentus. So vin- 
olentia and vinulentia. 

Like sanguinolentus ;. cf. formidulosus. 

virectum, not viretum. 

Verg. Aen. VI, 638 (RIBBECK). 

Virgiliae, Virgilius, v. Vergiliae, Vergi-. 
lius. 
Virginius, wu Verginius. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. . Et 





vivo, vivunt, not vivont. See above, § 4; § 109, I. 
ulcus, not hulcus. 

E. g. Verg. Georg. III, 454. The aspirated form was 
based upon the analogy of é\xos (FORCELLINI, s. v.) 

Ulixes, not Ulysses. 

Br. 79. Cf. Hor. (ed. HoLDER and KELLER, vol. I, 
p- 299; II, p. 472.) Cic. de Leg. I, 1, 2 (VAHLEN). 
Cornificius, I, 11, 18, and often (KAYSER). 

umbilicus, not imbilicus. 

BR. 123. 

umerus, not humerus. 

FL. 31. Cf. RiBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421. Hor. 
Serm. I, 5, 90, al. (HoLDER, vol. I, p. 299; II, p. 472.) 

umidus, not humidus. 

RiBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421. Hor. Epod. 12, to 
(KELLER). CORSSEN, Azsspr. I*, p. 545. 

umor, not humor. 
Verg. Georg. I, 43, al. Hor. Carm. I, 12, 29; 13, 6 
(KELLER), Cf. umidus. 
unguen, 
unguentum, 
unguis, not ungen, ungentum, ungis. 

Br. 128 sg.; p. x. Cf. e. g. Hor. Serm. I, 3, 228 
(HoLDER); Ars, 375 (KELLER, and vol. I, p. 299). 
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, p. 599. NHENZEN, Scavi, p. 70. 

unguo, un xi, and ungo. 

Br. 127-129. Cf. RiBBECK, Prol.i2x Verg. p. 448. 
Hor., ed. HOLDER-KELLER, II, p. 473. 

universus, like adversus. 


unquam and umquam, like nunquam. 
Cf. Cic. de Or. I, 4, § 13 (ELLENDT). Cic. de Re p. 














152 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





(OSANN, p. 141). umquam occurs in the Cod. Vat. Ver- 
rin.,and often in the Cod. Veron. Livii; together with 
unquam, Liv. III, 12,3. Rippeck, Prol. in Verg. p. 431. 
Hor.,ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 299 ; II, p. 473. 
vocuus, vw vacuus. 
volaemus, a, um (volaema pira), not volemus. 

Verg. Georg. II, 88 (RIBBECK). 

Volcanus, not Vulcanus. 

Br. 320. Hor. Carm. I, 4,8; III, 4, 59 (KELLER). 
Cf. Fast. Vall., Pinc. Aug.23 ; Fast. Venus. Mai 23, Corp. 
Ins. Lat. I, p. 298 sgqg. WENZEN, Scav7, p. 87. 

volgus, vw vulgus. 
volnus, wv vulnus. 
volo, vult, vultis. 

According to § 4, § 19, above. E. g. vultis in Cod. 
Veron. Livii, III, 21, 4; 67, 7. 

volpes, wv vulpes. 
Volsci, Volscus, better than Vulsci. 

In Cod. Veron. Livii, the-prevailing form is Volsc-, yet 
Vulsc- is the reading, III, 57,3; 67, 11. Cf. Sall. Hist. 
III, 37 (DieTscu, II, p. 72). BR. 320. So 

Volsiniensis, better than Vulsiniensis. 
Voltumna, better than Vultumna. 

Cod.. Veron. Livii, 1V, 23,5; VI, 2, 2. 

voltur, wv vultur. 
Volturnus, better than Vulturnus. 

Volturnus was the form of the beginning of the Em- 
pire ; cf. Fust. Pinc., Pigh., Vall., Aug. 27, Corp. Lns. 
Lat. I, p. 298 sgq. 

voltus,wvultus. 
voluntas, not volumtas. 














ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 153 





On volumtas, see MAI on Cic..Verrin. II, 1, 47, § 124 
(= Auct. Class. II, p. 398). 

vorsus, wv versus. 

vortex, w vertex. 

vorto, wv. verto. 7 
Vortumunus, better than Vertumnus. 

Vortumnus was the. form of the first years of the 
Empire. Cf. Hor. Serm. II, 7, 14; Epist. I; 20, 1, 
(HOLDER-KELLER). Fast. Vall. Amit., Aug. 13, Corp. 
Ins. Lat. I, p. 320 sg¢. 

voster,v. vester. 
Voturia, wu Veturia. 
upilio, v. opilio. 
urbs, not urps. 

BR. 242, 246; see above, § 15, 1. Cf. OSANN (p. 164 
cf. p. 241) on Cic. de Re p. II, 5, 10. urbs, Cod. Veron. 
Livii, III, 68, 3. 

urgeo, not urgueo. 

Br. 127, 129. urgueo is found in old Mss. (cf. Mar 
on Comment. in Cic. pro Mil. = Auct. Class. II, p. t01), 
together with urgeo (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 448. 
Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 4, 10; on the contrary, IV, 33, 10). 
Cf. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 30 (HOLDER-KELLER ; other ex- 
amples in the same, vol. II, p. 474). 

utcumque, better than utcunque. 
Like ubicumque. 
utrimque, not utrinqgue. 

Cod. Veron. Livii, 1V, 26, 3,12; 27, 4. Hor. Serm. I, 
9, 77; Epist. I, 18,9 (HOLDER-KELLER). Cf. RITSCHL, 
Cpusec li asze  ! 

utrobique, not utrubique,. 














r54.  - LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





utrubique, in Cic. de Re p. III, 35, 48. Cf Hor. 
Epist. I, 6, 10 (KELLER). 
utrumque, not utrunque. 
Br. 265. Cf. Hor. (ed. HoLDER-KELLER, I, p. 300; 
IT, p. 474). 
uvidus, not huvidus. 
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421. 
Vuleanus, wv. Voleanus. 
vulgus, not volgus. 
Br. 88, 100. See above, § 4. volgus is, however, to 
be found in Cicero; e. g. de Rep. I, 5,9 
vulnus, not volnus (like vulgus). E. g. Cod. Veron. 
Livii, IV, 58, 13. 
vulpes, not volpes, like vulgus. See above, § 15, 3. 
Vulsci, v. Volsci. : 
Vultumna, vw. Voltumna. 
vultur, not voltur, like vulgus. 
Vulturnus, v. Volturnus. 
vultus, not voltus, like vulgus. 


Y. 


Yacinthus, Yllus, ymenaeus, Ymettus, 
ymnos, Ypnos, wv Hy-. 


Ze 


Zmyrna, better than Smyrna. 
Cic. de Re p. I, 8, 13 (Zm- the original reading ; Sm- 
the corrected reading); OSANN on p. 34 (cf. CREUZER, 
p- 40). Hor. Epist. I, 11, 3 (KELLER). 








ir - 
a 








RHEADY-REFHERENCH TABLES 
FOR LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 


LATIN words, which occur frequently in the lower and middle classes 
of the Gymnasia, and which are often incorrectly written, are here 
alphabetically arranged according to their proper spelling. 


a and ah, Interjection. 

abicio, abieci, abiectum, abicere, better than abiicere. 

absum, afui, afuturus, afore. 

ac before consonants, except h ; 

atque before vowels and consonants. 

adicere, like abicio. 

adsimulare. 7 

adulescens, Substantive, “the youth”; adolescens, 
Participle of adolesco. 

aedis, better than aedes in Nom. Sing. 

aénéus, Aenus and Seenene, ahenus. 

aequiperare. 

aesculus. . 

agnoscere and adgnoscere. 

alucinari and allucinari, better than halucinari, hallu- 
cinari. 

ancora. 

antenna and antemna. 

antiquus, “old” ; anticus, “that is in front.” 

anulus. 

Apulia, Apulus. 

arena, see harena. 














156 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





artus, ‘ narrow,” not arctus. 
arundo, see harundo, 
auctor. 

autumnus. 


baca. 

ballista. 

belua. 

bos, Gen. Plur. boum, Dat. bubus, better than bobus. 
braca, not bracca. 

bracchium, not brachium. 

Brundisium. 

bucina. 


_ caelebs. 

caelum. 

caementum. — 

caenum, “ filth,” not coenum. 
caerimonia and caeremonia. 
caespes. 

caestus, “ boxing-gloves.” 
caetra. 

causa, not Caussa. 

cena, not coena. 

ceteri. 

clipeus, not clupeus, clypeus. 
coclea, better than cochlea. 
coercere, better than cohercere. 
coicio, conieci, coniectum, coicere, better than coniicere. 
comissari and comisari. 
comminus, not cominus. 
como, compsi, comptum. 














READY-REFERENCE TABLES. 157 





comprehendere, better than comprendere. 
condicio. 

conectere. 

coniti. 

conivere. 

coniunx. 

contemno, contempsi, contemptum. 
contio. 

conubium. 

convicium. 

cottidie and cotidie, not quotidie. 
crebrescere. 

culleus, culleum. 

cum, Preposition and Conjunction. 

cumba, not cymba. 

cumque = et cum, and in compounds, like quicumque. 
cupressus. 

cycnus. 


damma, not dama. 

defatigo and defetigo. 

deicio, deieci, deiectum, deicere, better than deiicere. 

delenire, not delinire. 

demo, dempsi, demptum. 

depecisci and depacisci. 

deprehendere and deprendere. 

derigere, “to lay straight,” ‘‘ to place in a particular direc- © 
tion”; dirigere, “to move or place in different direc- 
tions.” 

describere, “to copy,” “to describe” ; discribere, “to 
divide.” | 

designare, “to mark out”; dissignare, “to arrange,” 
“to contrive.”’ 














158 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





detrectare and detractare. 
deversorium. 

deus, Plur. dii, diis and di, dis. 
dicio. 

dilectus, ‘military levy.” 
dinosco, better than dignosco. 
dirigere, see derigere. 
discidium, not dissidium. 
discribere, see describere. 
dissignare, see designare. 


eculeus, better than equuleus. 

ei, not hei, Interjection. 

eicio, eieci, eiectum, eicere, better than eiicio. 
emo, emi, emptum. 

epistula. 

erus, era, erilis, not herus, etc. 

exsilium, exsul, exsto, and the like. 


faenum, “ hay,” not foenum. 

faenus, “ usury,” not foenus. 

farcio, farsi, fartum. 

fecundus. 

fetialis, not fecialis. 

fetus, not foetus. 

fides and fidis, “‘ string of musical instrument.” 
foenum, foenus, see faecnum, faenus. 

foetus, see fetus. 

formidulosus. 


genetivus. 
genetrix. 








. ae 








READY-REFERENCE TABLES 159 


- 





genitor. 
glaeba, better than gicte. 


Hadria. 

haedus, not hoedus. 

halucinari, see alucinari. 

harena, better than arena. 

hariolari. 

harundo, better than arundo. 

haud and haut ; hau also before consonants. 

haveo and aveo. 

hedera, better than edera. 

helluari and elluari. 

here and heri, “ yesterday.” 

hice, haece, hoce (strengthened form of hic, haec, hoc), 
not hicce, etc. ; compounded with the interrogative ne, 
hicine, etc. 

hiems. 

holus, better than olus. 


ilico. 

immo. 

inclitus and inclutus. 

incoho, better than inchoo. 
indutiae. 

inicere, like abicio. 

intellegere. 

internecio, better than internicio. 
is, Plural ii, iis. 

Iuppiter. 


Karthago and Carthago. 














160 ‘LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





lagoena and lagona. 
lanterna. 

lautumiae. 

lautus, better than lotus. 
letum, not lethum. 

levis, not laevis. 

libet, libido, not lubet, etc. 
linter and lunter. 

littera, better than litera. 
litus, not littus. 


maereo. 
maestus, 

manibiae and manubiae. 
mercennarius. 

mille, Plur. milia. 

mixtus, better than mistus. 
multa, not mulcta, “a fine.” 
mundities, not mundicies. 
murena, not muraena. — 
murra, not myrrha. 
myrtum, myrtus. 


nanciscor, nactus, better than nanctus. 
ne, affirmative particle, not nae. 
neglegere. 

negotium. 

nenia, not naenia. 

nequiquam, better than nequicquam. 
nummus. | 
nunquam and numquam. 

nuntiare, nuntius. 














READY-REFERENCE TABLES. 


161 





obicere, like abicio. 

oboedire. 

obscenus. 

obstipesco, better than obstupesco. 
olus, see holus. 

otium. 


paene. 
paenitet. 

paenula. 

Parnasus. 

parricida, parricidium. 
paulus, paulatim, paulisper. 
peierare. 

peiurus and periurus. 

“pennas avium, ~imnas murorum dicimus.” 
penuria. 

percontari. 

percrebrescere. 

pernicies. 

petorritum. 
pignus, pignoris and pigneris. 
pilleus, pilleum. 

plaustrum, not plostrum. 
pomerium, not pomoerium. 
praesaepis, praesaepia. 
prehendo and prendo. 
pretium. 

pro, not proh, Interjection. 
proelium. 


proicio, proieci, proiectum, proicere, better than proii- 


cere. 





lI 











162 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





promo, prompsi, promptum. 
promunturium. 

protinus. 

pulcher. 

quadriduum. 

quamquam and quanquam. 
quattuor. 

quicumque, better than quicunque. 
quisquam, quicquam. 
quisquis, quidquid. 
quotidie, see cottidie. 
quotiens. 

quum, see cum. 


raeda. 

recido, reccidi. 

redemptor. 

refero, rettuli. 

reicere, like deicio. 

religio. 

reliquus. 

repello, reppuli, repulsum. 
reperio, repperi, repertum. 


saeculum. 
saepire. 

saeta. 

saevire, Saevus. 
satira and satura. 
satrapea. 

scaena, not scena. 














+ 


READY-REFERENCE TABLES. 


163 





sepulcrum. 

sescenti. 

setius, not secius. 
singillatim, not singulatim. 
solacium. 

sollemnis. 

sollers. 

spatium. 

stilus. 

subicere, like abicio. 
suboles. 

subsicivus. 

sucus. 

sulpur and sulphur. 
sumo, sumpsi, sumptum. 
supellex. 

supplex. 

supplicium. 

suscensere. 

suspicio, better than suspitio. 
syllaba. 


taeter. 
tanquam and tamquam. 
tantundem. 


tegmen and tegimen in the Nom. and Accus., tegm- 


ter in the remaining cases. 
temperi, temperius. 
tentare and temptare. 
thesaurus. 
tingere. 
totiens. 


bet: 














¢ 


164 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. 





transicio, transieci, transiectum, transicere, and trai- 
cio, traieci, traiectum, traicere, better than traiicere. 

treceni, “300 each.” 

triceni, “ 30 each.” 

tropaeum and trophaeum. 

tus. 


ubicumque, better than ubicunque. 


vehemens, better than vemens. 
venum do and venundo. 
venum eo and veneo. 

vespere and vesperi. 

vilicus. 


umerus, not humerus. 

umor, umidus. 

unguere, unguentum. 

unguam and umquam. 

urgeo, not urgueo. 

utrimque, not utrinque. 

vulgus, not volgus ; so 

vulnus, vulpes, vultur, vultus. 





Abbreviations: C.=Gaius. Cn.=Gnaeus. K.= Kalen- 
dae. 

Adjectives in -icius, e. g. tribunicius, not -itius. 

Declension of Nouns in -aius, -eius : (1) Gen. Sing. -aii, 
-eii, usually contracted into -ai, -ei; (2) Nom., Dat. 
and Abl. Plur. -aii, -alis, -eii, eiis, also usually con- 
tracted into -ai, -ais, -ei, -eis. 














READY-REFERENCE TABLES. 165 





The forms in -aii, -aiis, -eii, eiis are in accordance with 
the general rule of the Second Declension, but it is better 
to contract them as did the ancients usually; e. g. Gaius, 
Gai, Gaio; Pompeius, Pompei, Pompeio; Plural, Pom- 
pei, Pompeis ; ; Vei, Veis. 


THE END. 











SS 
a ‘ 


\ 





2) be 
SS CALIFORWYA 








pie see 
ae ; 


ee 


beget 
see tee 
here Po. me ae 





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